Issues
in Outdoor Receation Planning and Management
Issues
in Recreation on Public Lands
Issues
in Visitor Education and Communication
Issues
in Nature Tourism and Ecotourism
Spatial
Perspectives of Outdoor Recreation: Recreation Geography
Ecological
Perspectives of Outdoor Recreation: Recreation Ecology
Socio-Psychological
Perspectives of Outdoor Recreation
I. RESEARCH TOPICS
Issues in Outdoor Recreation Planning and Management
General References
- Cordell, K. 1999.
Outdoor Recreation In American Life. Champaign, IL: Sagamore
Pub.
- Bell, S. 1997. Design for Outdoor Recreation. London,
UK: E&FN Spon.
- Hultsman, J., R. L. Cottrell, and W. Z. Hultsman. 1998. Planning Parks
for People (2nd Ed.). State College, PA: Venture Press.
- Sharpe, G. W., C. H. Odegaard,
and W. F. Sharpe. 1994. A Comprehensive Introduction to Park
Management. 2nd Ed. Champaign, IL: Sagamore Publishing.
On-line Resources
- Publications
- Archives/Databases
- Miscellaneous
Issues in Recreation on Public Lands
General References
On-line Resources
- Publications/Archives
- Management Agencies, Policies and Issues
- Networks/Collective Directories
Issues in Visitor Education and Communication
General References
- Knudson, D. M., T. T. Cable, and L. Beck. 1995. Interpretation
of Cultural and Natural Resources. State College, PA: Venture
Publishing.
- Hampton, B. and D. Cole. 2003. Soft
Paths: How to Enjoy the Wilderness Without Harming It (3rd Ed.)
. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books.
- Manfredo, M. J., ed. 1992. Influencing Human Behavior:
Theory and Applications in Recreation, Tourism, and Natural Resources
Management . Champaign, IL: Sagamore Publishing.
On-line Resources
- Organizations
- Publications
- Miscellaneous
Issues in Nature Tourism and Ecotourism
General References
- Eagles, P. and S. McCool. 2003. Tourism in National Parks
and Protected Areas: Planning and
Management. Oxon, UK: CABI Publishing.
- Wood, M. E. 2002. Ecotourism:
Principles, Practices & Policies for Sustainability.
Burlington, VT: The International Ecotourism Society.
- Weaver, D. 2000. The Encyclopedia of Ecotourism.
Oxon, UK: CABI Publishing.
- Honey, M. 1998. Ecotourism and Sustainable Development.
Washington, DC: Island Press.
On-line Resources
- Organizations
- Publications/Archives
- Collective Directories/Mailing Lists
Spatial Perspectives of Outdoor Recreation: Recreation Geography
Recreation geography as a subdiscipline of geography may be defined as
the systematic study of recreation (including tourism and sport)
patterns and processes on the landscape (Smith 1982). As recreation and
tourism phenomena typically involve recreationists (tourists),
recreation resources and recreational activities, recreation
geographers seek to identify, explain, and predict the spatial patterns
of these three
components as well as their association and interaction in space. While
recreation geography is not unique in its subject matter, it offers
valuable
spatial understanding and useful spatial insights that are often
lacking
in other studies utilizing an ecological, economic or
socio-psychological perspective.
General References
- Hall, C. M. and S. Page. 2002. The Geography of Tourism and
Recreation: Environment, Place and Space (2nd Ed.). New York:
Routledge.
- Hall, C. M. and A. A. Lew. eds. 1998. Sustainable Tourism
Development: A Geographical Perspective.London: Longman.
- Shaw, G. and A. M. Williams. 1994. Critical Issues in
Tourism: A Geographical Perspective. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
On-line Resources
- Organizations
- Publications
Ecological Perspectives of Recreation and Tourism: Recreation
Ecology
Recreation ecology may be defined as the systematic study of ecological
relationships and interactions between humans and the environment in
recreation/tourism contexts. It is particularly concerned with the
assessment and monitoring of recreation-related resource
impacts, and the role of management and maintenance in sustaining
recreational use. The majority of research in this field has been
conducted in natural and semi-natural areas. Some major topics include:
(1) recreation impact assessment and monitoring techniques, (2)
recreation impacts on undeveloped campsites and trails, (3)
recreationist-wildlife conflicts, and (4)
education and information for minimizing recreation impacts.
General References
- Buckley, R. (ed.) 2004. Environmental
Impacts of Ecotourism. Wallingford, UK: CABI Publishing.
- Newsome, D., S. A. Moore, and R. K. Dowling 2002. Natural
Area Tourism: Ecology, Impacts, and Management . Clevedon, UK:
Channel View Books.
- Hammitt, W. E. and D. N. Cole.
1998. Wildland Recreation: Ecology and Management (Second
Edition). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
- Liddle, M. J. 1997. Recreation Ecology: The Ecological
Impact
of Outdoor Recreation and Ecotourism. London: Chapman and Hall.
- See also Visitor Education and Communication
On-line Resources
- Organizations
- Publications
- Online Resources
Socio-Psychological Perspectives of Outdoor Recreation
Social and environmental psychologists have been concerned with leisure
and recreation phenomena in the outdoors. This line of research may be
classified into four major themes: (1) recreational participation and
its constraints, (2) recreation choice and behavior, (3) social
interaction and its processes among recreationists and social groups,
and (4) the nature and quality of recreation experience and its
beneficial
consequences. Recreation social scientists seek to understand these and
other themes by adapting theories, constructs and methods developed in
social
psychology, environmental psychology and sociology. Some popular
constructs
in outdoor recreation research include motivation, preferences,
crowding,
conflict and satisfaction.
General References
- Jackson E. L. and T. L. Burton,
eds. 1999. Leisure Studies: Prospects for the Twenty-First
Century. State College, PA: Venture Publishing.
- Manning R. E. 1999. Studies in Outdoor Recreation: A
Review and Synthesis of the Social Science Literature in Outdoor
Recreation (2nd Ed.). Corvallis, OR: Oregan State University Press.
- Mannell, R. C. and D. A. Kleiber. 1997. A Social
Psychology of Leisure. State College, PA: Venture Publishing.
On-line Resources
- Publications
- Collective Directories
This page is compiled and maintained by
Yu-Fai Leung, Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, North
Carolina State University.
Outdoor Recreation Research Front Page
NRRIPS Front Page
Comments and Suggestions
Last Updated: January 11, 2006
Copyright © 1995-2006 Yu-Fai Leung
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