Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

 

 

 

 

Last updated: 2001

 

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lazzi@eos.ncsu.edu

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS
Gianluca Lazzi

Journal Articles

  1. S. Schmidt and G. Lazzi, "Extension and Validation of a Perfectly Matched Layer Formulation for the Unconditionally Stable D-H FDTD Method," accepted for publication in IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Feb. 2003.
  2. M. Eberdt, P.K. Brown, and G. Lazzi, "Two-Dimensional SPICE-Linked Multiresolution Impedance Method for Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Interactions," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, pp. 881-889, July 2003
  3. M. Ozkar, G. Lazzi, and A. Mortazawi, "A Modified Unsplit PML Formulation for Evanescent Mode Absorption in Waveguides," IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, pp. 220-222, June 2003
  4. K. Gosalia and G. Lazzi, "Reduced Size, Dual Polarized Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Communications," to be printed in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Nov. 2003
  5. S.C. DeMarco, G. Lazzi, W. Liu, J.D. Weiland, M.S. Humayun, "Computed SAR and Thermal Elevation in a 0.25mm 2D Model of the Human Eye and Head in response to an Implanted Retinal Stimulator. Part I: Models and Methods," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Sept. 2003
  6. G. Lazzi, S.C. DeMarco, W. Liu, J.D. Weiland, M.S. Humayun, "Computed SAR and Thermal Elevation in a 0.25mm 2D Model of the Human Eye and Head in response to an Implanted Retinal Stimulator. Part II: Results," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Sept. 2003
  7. E. Margalit, M. Maia, J.D. Weiland, R.J. Greenberg, G.Y. Fujii, G. Torres, D.V. Piyathaisere, T.M. O'Hearn, W. Liu, G. Lazzi, G. Dagnelie, D.A. Scribner, E. de Juan Jr, and M.S. Humayun, "Retinal Prosthesis for the Blind," Survey of Ophthalmology (Major Review), Vol. 47 (4), pp. 335-356, 2002
  8. G.Lazzi, "A Unconditionally Stable D-H FDTD Formulation with Anisotropic PML Boundary Conditions," IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 11, pp. 149-151, April 2001
  9. O.P. Gandhi, G. Kang, J. Sun, and G. Lazzi, "Numerical Modeling of Induced Currents for a Human for the Magnetic Fields of Electronic Article Surveillance Devices," submitted to IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Aug. 2000
  10. O.P. Gandhi, X. Chen, D. Wu, and G. Lazzi, "Currents Induced in Anatomic Models of the Human for Uniform and Non-Uniform Power-Frequency Magnetic Fields," Bioelectromagnetics, Vol. 22, pp. 112-121, 2001
  11. G. Lazzi and O.P. Gandhi, "A Mixed FDTD-Integral Equation Approach for On-Site Safety Assessment in Complex Electromagnetic Environments," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, pp. 1830-1836, Dec. 2000
  12. G. Lazzi, O.P. Gandhi, and D. Sullivan "Use of PML Absorbing Layers for the Truncation of the Head Model in Cellular Telephone Simulations," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Special Issue on Biological Effects and Medical Applications of RF/Miocrowaves, pp.2033-2039, Nov. 2000
  13. G. Lazzi, Q.S. Yu, and O.P. Gandhi, "Extension and Validation of the Equivalent Sources Helical Antenna Modeling with the FDTD Code," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol.23, No.3, pp.172-174, Nov. 1999
  14. A.D. Tinniswood, G. Lazzi, and O. P. Gandhi, "The Use of Expanding Grid Finite Difference Time Domain Techniques for Simulation of CAD-Derived Mobile Communication Devices," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 22, No.1, pp.21-24, July 1999
  15. G. Lazzi, S. S. Pattnaik, and O. P. Gandhi, "Experimental and FDTD-Computed Radiation Patterns of Cellular Telephones Held in Realistic Operational Conditions," IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 141-144, May 1999
  16. O.P. Gandhi, G. Lazzi, A.D. Tinniswood, and Q.S. Yu, " Numerical and Experimental Methods for Determination of SAR and Radiation Patterns of Handheld Wireless Telephones," Bioelectromagnetics, Vol. 20, pp. 93-101, March 1999
  17. G. Lazzi, S. S. Pattnaik, C. M. Furse, and O. P. Gandhi, "Comparison of FDTD-Computed and Measured Radiation Patterns of Commercial Mobile Telephones in Presence of the Human Head," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, pp. 943-944, June 1998
  18. G. Lazzi, and O. P. Gandhi, "On Modeling and Personal Dosimetry of Cellular Telephone Helical Antennas with the FDTD Code," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 45, pp.525-530, Apr. 1998
  19. S. S. Pattnaik, G. Lazzi, and O. P. Gandhi, "On the Use of Wide-Band, High-Gain, Microstrip Antennas for Mobile Telephones," IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol.40, pp.88-90, Feb. 1998
  20. C. M. Furse, Y. Cui, G. Lazzi, and O. P. Gandhi, "Use of PML Boundary Conditions for Wireless Telephone Simulations," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol.15, no.2, pp.95-98, June 5 1997
  21. G.Lazzi, and O.P.Gandhi, "On the Optimal Design of the PML Absorbing Boundary Condition for the FDTD code," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol.45, pp.914-916, May 1997
  22. G. Lazzi, and O. P. Gandhi, "Inversion Theory as Applied to the Optimization of the Conductivity Profile for the PML Absorbing Boundary Condition for the FDTD Code," Electronics Letters, Vol.33, pp.502-503, 13th March 1997
  23. G.Lazzi, and O.P.Gandhi, "Realistically Tilted and Truncated Anatomically Based Models of the Human Head for Dosimetry of Mobile Telephones," IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Vol.39, pp.55-61, Feb. 1997
  24. O.P.Gandhi, G.Lazzi, and C.M.Furse, "Electromagnetic Absorption in the Human Head and Neck for Mobile Telephones at 835 and 1900 Mhz," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol.44, pp.1884-1897, Oct. 1996

Book Papers

  1. O. P. Gandhi, G. Lazzi, and C. M. Furse, "Monopole Antennas," (invited paper) in Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, J. G. Webster ed., Wiley
  2. O. P. Gandhi, G. Lazzi, and C. M. Furse, "Dipole Antennas," (invited paper) in Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, J. G. Webster ed., Wiley

Technical Reports

  1. O.P.Gandhi and G.Lazzi, "The ANSI/IEEE RF Safety Standard and Its Rationale," invited report for the IEEE Antennas and Propagation, Man and Radiation Committee
  2. P.Bernardi, R.Cicchetti, P.D'Atanasio, G.Lazzi, E.Rubino, "Analisi Full-Wave di linee a microstriscia indefinite e di discontinuitą in microstriscia," (in Italian) RTINN/94/40 - ENEA, Ott.1994

Conference Papers and Tutorials

  1. K.C. Gosalia and G. Lazzi, "Electromagnetic and Thermal Effects on the Human Eye Due to a Retinal Prosthesis System," 1st DOE Symposium on Artificial Vision, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, May 2003
  2. S. Krishnamurthy, A. Konanur, K. Gosalia, G. Lazzi, and B.L. Hughes, "On the Impact of Polarimetric Vector Antennas in Wireless Communications," 2003 Conference on Information Sciences and Systems, The Johns Hopkins University, March 12-14, 2003
  3. K. Gosalia, W. Liu, J. Weiland, M. Humayun and G. Lazzi, "An Investigation of the Coupling between Extremely Compact Microstrip Patch Antennas in a Link for Biomedical Implants," (Invited) 2003 IEEE Antennas and Propagation International Symposium and URSI North American Radio Science Meeting, Columbus, OH, June 2003
  4. K. Gosalia and G. Lazzi, "SAR distribution and thermal elevation in a human head model due to the operation of the data telemetry link and implanted chip in a retinal prosthesis," 2003 IEEE Antennas and Propagation International Symposium and URSI North American Radio Science Meeting, Columbus, OH, June 2003
  5. S. Schmidt and G. Lazzi, "Improved PML formulation for the unconditionally stable D-H ADI-FDTD method," 2003 IEEE Antennas and Propagation International Symposium and URSI North American Radio Science Meeting, Columbus, OH, June 2003
  6. A. Konanur, K. Gosalia, S. Krishnamurthy, B. Hughes and G. Lazzi, "Investigation of the performance of co-polarized, co-located electric and magnetic dipoles for increasing channel capacity," 2003 IEEE Antennas and Propagation International Symposium and URSI North American Radio Science Meeting, Columbus, OH, June 2003
  7. G. Lazzi, "RF and Thermal Safety" The Eye and the Chip 2002: World Congress on Artificial Vision, (Invited), Detroit, 2002
  8. G. Lazzi, "New Numerical Methods for the Analysis of the Interaction between Electromagnetic Fields and the Human Body," (Invited) in "Electromagnetic Environment and Human Exposure Evaluation" special workshop of EMC 2002, Sorrento, 2002
  9. G. Lazzi, W. Liu, S.C. DeMarco, K. Gosalia, M. Eberdt, J. Weiland, M. Humayun, "Computational Electromagnetics for a Retinal Prosthesis to Restore the Sight in the Blind," (Invited) 2002 IEEE Antennas and Propagation International Symposium and URSI North American Radio Science Meeting, San Antonio, TX, June 2002
  10. K. Gosalia, P.K. Brown, W. Liu, and G. Lazzi, "FDTD Investigation of a Microwave Link for Data Telemetry in Retinal Prosthesis Applications," 2002 IEEE Antennas and Propagation International Symposium and URSI North American Radio Science Meeting, San Antonio, TX, June 2002
  11. K. Gosalia and G. Lazzi, "Compact Dual-Polarized Patch Antennas," 2002 IEEE Antennas and Propagation International Symposium and URSI North American Radio Science Meeting, San Antonio, TX, June 2002
  12. W. Liu, and G. Lazzi, "Artificial Vision: Bridging Medicine and Engineering," The Fourth International Workshop on Future Information Processing and Technologies, Gubbio (Italy), Sept. 2001 (Invited)
  13. J. Weiland, M. Humayun, W. Liu, and G. Lazzi, "Development of an Implantable Retinal Prosthesis," BMES 2001 Symposium, Durham, Sept. 2001 (Invited)
  14. S.C. DeMarco, G. Lazzi, W. Liu, M. Humayun, and J. Weiland "Computed Heating in Head/Eye Model Containing an Implantable Retinal Stimulator Microchip," BMES 2001 Symposium, Durham, Sept. 2001
  15. M. Eberdt and G. Lazzi, "A Multiresolution Impedance Method for Bioelectromagnetic Problems," 2001 IEEE Antennas and Propagation International Symposium and URSI North American Radio Science Meeting, Boston, MA, July 2001
  16. G. Lazzi, S. C. DeMarco, W. Liu, M. Humayun, "Simulated Temperature Increase in a Head/Eye model containing an Intraocular Retinal Prosthesis," 2001 IEEE Antennas and Propagation International Symposium and URSI North American Radio Science Meeting, Boston, MA, July 2001
  17. W. Liu, G. Lazzi, C. DeMarco, M. Humayun, J. Weiland, "Safety Assessment of the Retinal Prosthesis System: Electromagnetics and Thermal Energy Deposition," ARVO Proceedings, Florida, 2001
  18. M. Ozkar, G. Lazzi, and A. Mortazawi, "Study of Design Parameters in Waveguide-Based Spatial Power Combining Amplifier Arrays Using FDTD," 2001 International Microwave Symposium (MTT), Phoenix, Arizona, 2001
  19. G. Lazzi, W. Liu, M. Humayan, and J. Weiland, "Numerical Modeling of Heat Distribution and Electromagnetic Absorption for a Retinal Prosthesis," (invited paper) special session, "Numerical Modeling of Electromagnetic Interactions," World Congress 2000 on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Chicago, July 2000
  20. G. Lazzi, O.P. Gandhi, and D. Sullivan, "Fast and Efficient FDTD Simulations of Personal Wireless Devices for SAR Compliance Testing and Antenna Design," 2000 IEEE Antennas and Propagation International Symposium and URSI North American Radio Science Meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah, July 2000
  21. O.P. Gandhi, X. Chen, D. Wu, and G. Lazzi, "Use of the Impedance Method for ICNIRP - Related Compliance Testing of Electronic Article Surveillance Devices," 2000 IEEE Antennas and Propagation International Symposium and URSI North American Radio Science Meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah, July 2000
  22. G. Lazzi and O.P. Gandhi, "A Fast PC-Based Dosimetry System for On Site Assessment of Safety in Electromagnetic Environments," 1999 Annual Technical Meeting of the Bioelectromagnetic Society - BEMS
  23. G. Lazzi, Q.S. Yu, and O.P. Gandhi, "Extension and Validation of the Equivalent Sources Helical Antenna Modeling with the FDTD Code," 1999 IEEE Antennas and Propagation International Symposium and URSI North American Radio Science Meeting, Orlando, Florida
  24. O.P. Gandhi and G. Lazzi, "The Role of a Lossy Ear in Altering the SAR Distributions Due to Wireless Telephones," (invited paper) XXVIth URSI General Assembly, 1999
  25. G. Lazzi and O.P. Gandhi, "A PC-Based Dosimetry System for Assessment of Safety in Electromagnetic Environments," (invited paper) XXVIth URSI General Assembly, 1999
  26. G. Lazzi, "The Electromagnetic Field Menace," (invited tutorial) SWE Conference, Salt Lake City, Feb. 1999
  27. G. Lazzi, J. Johnson, S.S. Pattnaik, and O.P. Gandhi, "Experimental Study on a Compact, High-Gain, Low SAR Single- and Dual-Band Patch Antennas for Cellular Telephones," 1998 IEEE Antennas and Propagation International Symposium and URSI North American Radio Science Meeting, 1998. Book of Proceedings, pp. 130-133
  28. A. Tinniswood, G. Lazzi, and O.P. Gandhi, "The Use of the Expanding Grid FDTD Technique for Simulation of CAD-Derived Personal Wireless Telephones," 1998 IEEE Antennas and Propagation International Symposium and URSI North American Radio Science Meeting, 1998. Book of Proceedings, pp. 508-511
  29. Q.S. Yu, M. Aronsson, O.P. Gandhi, and G. Lazzi, "An Automated SAR Measurement Setup for Compliance Testing of Cellular Telephones," 1998 Annual Technical Meeting of the Bioelectromagnetics Society - BEMS, 1998
  30. O.P. Gandhi, G. Lazzi, A. Tinniswood, and Q.S. Yu, "Comparison of Numerical and Experimental Methods for Determination of SAR and Radiation Patterns of Handheld Wireless Telephones," (Invited Paper) 4th EBEA Congress, Zagreb, Croatia, Nov. 18-22, 1998
  31. G. Lazzi, S.S. Pattnaik, and O.P. Gandhi, "Experimental and FDTD-Computed Radiation Patterns of Cellular Telephones in Presence of the Human Head," The Second World Congress for Electricity and Magnetism in Biology and Medicine, Bologna, Italy, 1997. Book of Abstract, pp.168-169
  32. Q-S. Yu, D. Wu, O.P. Gandhi, and G. Lazzi, "An Automated SAR Measurement Setup for Compliance Testing of Cellular Telephones: Comparison with FDTD-Calculated SARs for Six Commercial Telephones," The Second World Congress for Electricity and Magnetism in Biology and Medicine, Bologna, Italy, 1997. Book of Abstract, pp.165-166
  33. G. Lazzi and O.P. Gandhi, "Optimization and Design of Conductivity Profiles for the PML Boundary Condition and Its Application to Bioelectromagnetic Problems," 1997 IEEE Antennas and Propagation International Symposium and URSI North American Radio Science Meeting, 1997
  34. S.S. Pattnaik, G. Lazzi, and O.P. Gandhi, "Compact, Low Coupling, Higher Efficiency, Broad-Band Stacked-Patch Antennas for Cellular Telephones," 1997 IEEE Antennas and Propagation International Symposium and URSI North American Radio Science Meeting, 1997
  35. G. Lazzi and O.P. Gandhi, "Comparison of Calculated and Measured Near-Fields, Radiation Patterns, and SAR Distributions for a Model of the Human Head for Some Typical Cellular Telephone Antenna," 1997 IEEE Antennas and Propagation International Symposium and URSI North American Radio Science Meeting, 1997
  36. O.P. Gandhi, D. Wu, G. Lazzi, S.S. Pattnaik, Q. Yu, A. Tinniswood, and C.M. Furse, "Numerical and Experimental Methods for Determination of SAR and Radiation Patterns of Cellular Telephones," (Invited Paper) 6th International Symposium on Recent Advances in Microwave Technology (ISRAM), Beijing, China, Aug. 4-7, 1997
  37. O.P. Gandhi, D. Wu, Q. Yu, G. Lazzi, A. Tinniswood, S.S. Pattnaik, and C.M. Furse, "Numerical and Experimental Methods for Determination of SAR and Radiation Patterns of Handheld Wireless Telephones," (Invited Paper) RF Dosimetry: 25 Years of Progress, Salt Lake City, Utah, Oct. 20-21, 1997
  38. G. Lazzi, A. Tinniswood, Q. Yu, M. Aronsson, O.P. Gandhi, "Numerical and Experimental Methods for Determination of SAR and Radiation Patterns of Mobile Wireless Telephones," (Invited Paper) COST 244 Meeting, Dec.13-14, Trento, Italy, 1997
  39. G.Lazzi, and O.P.Gandhi, "Models of the Human Head for Numerical Calculations of the SAR Distributions Due to Wireless Telephones," (Invited Paper), XXVth URSI General Assembly, Lille, France, 1996. Book of Abstracts, pp. 179
  40. G.Lazzi, and O.P.Gandhi, "Numerical and Experimental Procedures for SAR Distributions Due to Mobile Telephones: an Overview," (Invited Tutorial) "Tutorial B - Personal Communication Systems: EMC and Human Health Concern," International Sysmposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility - EMC'96, Rome, Italy, 1996. Book of Tutorials, pp.79-86
  41. G.Lazzi, and O.P.Gandhi, "Realistically Tilted and Truncated Anatomically Based Models of the Human Head for Dosimetry of Mobile Telephones," Eighteenth Annual Technical Meeting of the Bioelectromagnetics Society - BEMS, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, 1996. Book of Abstracts, pp. 119-120
  42. G.Lazzi, C.M.Furse, and O.P.Gandhi, "FDTD Computation of the Electromagnetic Absorption in the Human Head for Mobile Telephones," Eighteenth Annual Technical Meeting of the Bioelectromagnetics Society - BEMS, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, 1996. Book of Abstracts, pp. 118-119
  43. C.M.Furse, G.Lazzi, and O.P.Gandhi, ""FDTD Computation of Power Deposition in the Head for Cellular Telephones," 1996 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, Baltimore, Maryland, 1996. Book of Proceedings, pp. 1794-1797
  44. V.Pandit, R.McDermott, G.Lazzi, C.M.Furse, and O.P.Gandhi, "Electrical Energy Absorption in the Human Head From a Cellular Telephone," IEEE Visualization '96, S.Francisco, California, 1996
  45. G. Lazzi and O.P. Gandhi, "FDTD Analysis of the Interaction of Cellular Telephone Helical Antennas with the Human Head," The Second World Congress for Electricity and Magnetism in Biology and Medicine, Bologna, Italy, 1997. Book of Abstract, p.277 Additional Presentations 54. G. Lazzi, "Advances in Bioelectromagnetics and Applications," (Invited presentation) University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy, Dec. 2000
  46. G. Lazzi, "Compact Low-SAR Patch Antennas for Cellular Telephones," Meeting University-Industry Consortium, Nov. 1998
  47. G. Lazzi, "A PC based Dosimetry System for SAR Calculations of Base Station Antennas," Meeting University-Industry Consortium, Nov. 1998
  48. G. Lazzi, "Recent Advances in FDTD Modeling for Cellular Telephone Simulations at the University of Utah," Meeting University-Industry Consortium, Oct. 22, 1997
  49. G. Lazzi, O.P. Gandhi, and M.S. Zhdanov, "Design and Optimization of the Perfectly Matched Layer Absorbing Boundary Condition as Applied to the Finite-Difference Time-Domain Grid"

LIST OF INVITED CONTRIBUTIONS

  1. O. P. Gandhi, G. Lazzi, and C. M. Furse, "Monopole Antennas," in Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, J. G. Webster ed., Wiley
  2. O. P. Gandhi, G. Lazzi, and C. M. Furse, "Dipole Antennas," in Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, J. G. Webster ed., Wiley
  3. O.P.Gandhi and G.Lazzi, "The ANSI/IEEE RF Safety Standard and Its Rationale," invited report for the IEEE Antennas and Propagation, Man and Radiation Committee
  4. G.Lazzi, and O.P.Gandhi, "Models of the Human Head for Numerical Calculations of the SAR Distributions Due to Wireless Telephones," XXVth URSI General Assembly, Lille, France, 1996. Book of Abstracts, pp. 179
  5. G.Lazzi, and O.P.Gandhi, "Numerical and Experimental Procedures for SAR Distributions Due to Mobile Telephones: an Overview," (Invited Tutorial) "Tutorial B - Personal Communication Systems: EMC and Human Health Concern," International Sysmposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility - EMC'96, Rome, Italy, 1996. Book of Tutorials, pp.79-86
  6. O.P. Gandhi, D. Wu, G. Lazzi, S.S. Pattnaik, Q. Yu, A. Tinniswood, and C.M. Furse, "Numerical and Experimental Methods for Determination of SAR and Radiation Patterns of Cellular Telephones," 6th International Symposium on Recent Advances in Microwave Technology (ISRAM), Beijing, China, Aug. 4-7, 1997
  7. O.P. Gandhi, D. Wu, Q. Yu, G. Lazzi, A. Tinniswood, S.S. Pattnaik, and C.M. Furse, "Numerical and Experimental Methods for Determination of SAR and Radiation Patterns of Handheld Wireless Telephones," RF Dosimetry: 25 Years of Progress, Salt Lake City, Utah, Oct. 20-21, 1997
  8. G. Lazzi, A. Tinniswood, Q. Yu, M. Aronsson, O.P. Gandhi, "Numerical and Experimental Methods for Determination of SAR and Radiation Patterns of Mobile Wireless Telephones," COST 244 Meeting, Dec.13-14, Trento, Italy, 1997
  9. O.P. Gandhi, G. Lazzi, A. Tinniswood, and Q.S. Yu, "Comparison of Numerical and Experimental Methods for Determination of SAR and Radiation Patterns of Handheld Wireless Telephones," 4th EBEA Congress, Zagreb, Croatia, Nov. 18-22, 1998
  10. O.P. Gandhi and G. Lazzi, "The Role of a Lossy Ear in Altering the SAR Distributions Due to Wireless Telephones," XXVIth URSI General Assembly, 1999
  11. G. Lazzi and O.P. Gandhi, "A PC-Based Dosimetry System for Assessment of Safety in Electromagnetic Environments," XXVIth URSI General Assembly, 1999
  12. G. Lazzi, "The Electromagnetic Field Menace," (Invited Tutorial) SWE Conference, Salt Lake City, Feb. 1999
  13. G. Lazzi, W. Liu, M. Humayan, and J. Weiland, "Numerical Modeling of Heat Distribution and Electromagnetic Absorption for a Retinal Prosthesis," special session, "Numerical Modeling of Electromagnetic Interactions," World Congress 2000 on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Chicago, July 2000