BCH 451 Fall 2007                                       Exam #1                NAME

1.         (3) Write the net balanced equation for A = glycolysis; B = gluconeogenesis; C = Citric Acid Cycle:

2.         (4) For step of glycolysis, name the enzyme, give the class of the enzyme, draw the structures of the non-cofactor substrate(s) and product(s) connected by the reaction arrows, which show the reversibility or irreversibility, show the co-substrates coming in and out of the reaction as appropriate using the usual abbreviations, and list all other cofactors under the reaction arrow(s):

Enzyme name:                                    Enzyme class:

Reaction:

3.         (4) For step of the Krebs cycle, name the enzyme, give the class of the enzyme, draw the structures of the non-cofactor substrate(s) and product(s) connected by the reaction arrows, which show the reversibility or irreversibility, show the co-substrates coming in and out of the reaction as appropriate using the usual abbreviations, and list all other cofactors under the reaction arrow(s):

Enzyme name:                                    Enzyme class:

Reaction:

4.         For complex in oxidative phosphorylation,:

(0.3)    full and complete name of the complex:

(0.2)    number of protons which enter the complex from the matrix:

(0.2)    number of protons pumped out of the complex into the inner membrane space:

(0.4)    substrates and/or co-substrates [ full names and not abbreviations; no structures]:

(0.4)    products and/or “co-products” [ full names and not abbreviations; no structures]:

(0.6)    non co-substrate cofactors and/or prosthetic groups:

5.         (2) Show the preferred steps by which the following sugar enters glycolysis. Include the names of the metabolites and enzymes. F = fructose; G = galactose

6.         (4) Explain how it is possible to both synthesize and degrade glycogen within the same cell: [It might be useful to use diagrams in your explanation. Look at how much space you have for this answer!]

7.         (0.4 each) Where are the following molecules found within a particular cell? [List all locations. 0.1 pt deducted for each wrong answer.] (1.1 each) Briefly describe the function of each molecule.

            a.         Ubiquinol

            b.         Pyruvate carboxylase

            c.         Phosphofructokinase-2

            d.         Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

            e.         Bisphosphoglycerate mutase

            f.         Aspartate transaminase

            g.         Adenylate kinase

8.         (0.4 each) Fill in the blanks:

What the pentose phosphate pathway provides

Enzymes which are unique to the glyoxlate shunt

Regulators and their effects on enzyme #3 in the TCA cycle

Regulators and their effects on enzyme #3 in glycolysis

Standard free energy of hydrolysis of ATP

These enzymes in gluconeogenesis replace step #10 in glycolysis

This enzyme in animals keeps the TCA cycle running when metabolites are removed from the cycle

Regulators and their effects on enzyme #10 in glycolysis

Total number of ATP molecules synthesized per turn of the Krebs cycle