EMS 513
Teaching and Learning Algebraic Thinking

Weekly Course Outline and Assignments
** Subject to change**

Last updated: 11/14/06

 

Date

In-Class Activities

Assignments

1

Aug 28

Course Introduction

         I Have… Who Has?

What is Algebraic Thinking? How is it different or similar to Algebra?

Identifying the Algebra and Potential for Algebraic Thinking in Tasks and Problems

What is the Algebraic Thinking needed to complete these tasks?

FRUIT SALAD

NUMBERLESS GRAPHS

GOLDEN APPLES

EQUIVALENT PATHS

BALANCED SCALES

 

Read: 

1)         Driscoll, Ch1 p.1-19 and Ch2 p.20-46

2)  Read from course reserves:

Chazan, D. (2000). My algebra teaching autobiography. In D. Chazan, Beyond formulas in mathematics and teaching: Dynamics of the high school algebra classroom (pp. 1-36), Columbia, NY: Teachers College Press. Available in two parts in 2 separate PDF files.

Usiskin, Z. (1988). Conceptions of school algebra and uses of variables. In A. F. Coxford & A. P. Shulte, (Eds.) The Ideas of Algebra, K-12, 1988 Yearbook of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (pp. 8-19). Reston, VA: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.

 

Write:  1-2 page reflection on your own algebraic learning and/or teaching in light of your initial thoughts about the readings from Driscoll and Chazan.

 

Be prepared to share reflections during class and to discuss points made by Usiskin on Sept 11th.

 

Sept 4

Labor Day --- No Class

 

2

Sept 11

Building Algebraic Thinking on Number Operations, Algorithms and Patterns

Submit: 1-2 page reflection. Due in Wolfware by Sunday Sept 10th at 11:45pm

 

Read:

1)      Driscoll, Ch3 p. 47-63 

2)      Read from course reserves:

Schoenfeld, A. H., & Arcavi, A. (1988). On the meaning of variable. Mathematics Teacher 81(6), 420-427.

 

Booth, L. R. (1988). Children’s difficulties in beginning algebra. In A. F. Coxford & A. P. Shulte, (Eds.) The Ideas of Algebra, K-12, 1988 Yearbook of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (pp. 20-32). Reston, VA: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.

 

Stacey, K., & MacGregor, M. (1997). Ideas about symbolism that students bring to algebra. Mathematics Teacher 90(2), 110-121.

 

3

Sept 18

Developing a Rich Understanding of Variable

[Use of manipulatives and spreadsheets]

Download the Sequence Generator 

 

 Read:

1)      Driscoll Ch 4 p. 64-72 only & Ch 5 p. 90-114.

2)      Read from course reserves:

English, L. D., & Warren, E. A. (1998). Introducing the variable through pattern exploration. Mathematics Teacher 91(2), 166-170.

 

Lannin, J. (2005). Generalization and justification: The challenge of introducing algebraic reasoning through patterning activities. Mathematical Thinking and Learning 7(3), 231-258.

 

4

Sept 25


Generalizing from Patterns to Rules and Functions  

 

 
Two Aspects of Generalization

·             Read from course reserves:

Verschaffel, L., Greer, B., & De Corte, E. (2002). Everyday knowledge and mathematical modeling of school word problems. In K. Gravemeijer, R. Leher, B. van Oers, & L. Verschaffel (Eds.), Symbolizing modeling and tool use in mathematics education (pp. 257-276). Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishing.

Nathan, M. J., & Koedinger, K. R. (2000). Teachers’ and researchers’ beliefs about the development of algebraic reasoning. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 31(2), 168-190.

5

Oct 2

 Student-led Algebraic Tasks (15 mins each)

 

Work on specific topic for curriculum project!

6

Oct 9

Student-led Algebraic Tasks (15 mins each)

 

Work on specific topic for curriculum project! 

By October 11th, submit a brief proposal for what you (or a small group--up to 3 people) intend to pursue for the curriculum analysis project.

7

Oct 16

No Class Meeting—small group work on curriculum project.

 

 

8

Oct 23


 5 Doctoral level presentations:

Different Perspectives on Algebra

 

Read:

1)      Driscoll Ch. 6 p. 115-140.

2)      Driscoll Ch 7, p. 141-164.

 

9

Oct 30

4-5pm Innovations in Research talk at Friday Institute

5-6:45

2 Doctoral level presentations:

Discussion of Symbol Sense

Discussion of Multiple Representations of Functions---Driscoll’s notes

Using 5 different representations of a function

 

 

FYI—discussed in Ryan’s presentation

·         Levels of Cognitive Demand for Mathematics Tasks Framework

Read from course reserves:

 

MASTERS & PBS students read: 

Falkner, K. P., Levi, L., & Carpenter, T. P. (1999). Children’s understanding of equality: A foundation for algebra. Teaching Children Mathematics, 6, 232–236.

 

PHD students read:

Knuth, E. J., Stephens, A. C., McNeil, N. M., & Alibali, M. W. (2006). Does understanding the equal sign matter? Evidence from solving equations. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 37(4), 297-312.

 

ALL READ:

Monk, S. (2003). Representation in school mathematics: Learning to graph and graphing to learn. In J. Kilpatrick, W. G. Martin, & D. Schifter, Research companion to principles and standards for school mathematics (pp. 250-262). Reston, VA: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.

 

SOLVE the Hot Dog Task –use any tools you wish, bring your work and be prepared to discuss

10

Nov 6

Discussion of Hot Dog task and use of representations.


Understanding of Equality

Students' Approaches to Solving an Equation 

 

 

Developing Understanding of Relationships and Functions with Multiple Representations

 

Use of GC to Solve Phone Bill Problem
(Video: Insights to Algebra: Linear Functions and Inequalities)

Read:

EVERYONE Read from course reserves:

Blanton, M. L., & Kaput, J. (2005). Characterizing a classroom practice that promotes algebraic reasoning. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 36(5), 412-446.

 

Readings about “Algebra for All”

Read one according to number assigned in class:

1)      Report on Idaho policy 2005

2)     Algebra for All in Eighth Grade: What's the Rush?

3)     A Formula for Failure in L.A. Schools

 

EVERYONE READ

NCTM 2000 Dialogues—read through all --pick 3 articles that you feel illustrate some of the beliefs you have concerning “Algebra for All”

11

Nov 13

Analyzing Students’ Algebraic Thinking  during an Algebra lesson (video)

·         Phone Bill video

·         TIMSS 1999 video from a Japanese classroom

Task used in video

 

Part I: Communicating with Parents & the Community about Algebraic Thinking

Small group conversations

NC Graduation Policy

 Read:
Who will Pass Algebra?

Start drafting ideas for your reflection (Part I)—Algebra for All reflection and position statement.

Bring copy of draft of ideas for Part I to class on Nov 20th.

 

12

Nov 20

Discussion of Issues surrounding Algebra for All

Small group conversations

NC Graduation Policy

 

Communicating with Parents & the Community about Algebraic Thinking

Developing position statements

 

 

 Submit Parts I & II of Algebra for All assignment in a single document in Wolfware by Nov 27th at 4pm

 

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Spend at LEAST one hour perusing the SimCalc website to become familiar with their connected classroom project as well as simcalc software (Calculator MathWorlds and Java MathWorlds) software.

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Read from course reserves:

Heid, M. K., Blume, G. W., Hollebrands, K., & Piez, C. (2002). Computer algebra systems in mathematics instruction: Implications from research. Mathematics Teacher 95(8), 586-591.
 
Pierce, R. U., & Stacey, K. C. (2002). Algebra insight: The algebra needed to use computer algebra systems. Mathematics Teacher 95(8), 622-627.

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FYI: other CAS-related articles that may be of interest.

Zehavi, N. (2004).  Symbol sense with a symbolic-graphical system: A story in three rounds.  Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 23, 183-203.

 

Shaw, N., Jean, B., & Peck, R. (1997). A statistical analysis on the effectiveness of using a computer algebra system in a developmental algebra course. Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 16, 175-180.

 

Heid, M.K. (2001). Theories that inform the use of CAS in the teaching and learning of mathematics. In P. Kent (Ed.), Proceedings of the 2nd Biennial Symposium of the Computer Algebra in Mathematics Education Group: http://ltsn.mathstore.ac.uk/came/events/freudenthal/3-Presentation-Heid.pdf.

13

Nov 27

Use of Java MathWorlds or MathWorlds for the TI-83/84+ (FREE from TI)

 

 

Use of Computer Algebra Systems for Developing Symbolic Understanding

TI-92 or TI-89
 

 

14

Dec 4

What is Algebraic Thinking?


Promoting Algebraic Thinking in the Classroom
Recommendations for Classroom Practice

 

Megan’s Curriculum Poster presentation


 

15

Dec 11

Curriculum Project Presentations

at Math Education Research Symposium

 

3:45-7pm Dec 11th at the Friday Institute


 Submit 5 page Executive Summary through Wolfware by 2pm on Dec 11th. Bring 30 copies of the paper and your poster to the Poster Session. Have your poster set up by 3:45pm.

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