Publications
101. Booth, W., V. L. Saenz, R. G. Santangelo, C. Wang, C. Schal and E. L. Vargo. In press. Molecular markers reveal infestation dynamics of the bed bug, Cimex lectularius, in apartment buildings. Journal of Medical Entomology.
100. Vásquez, G. M., E. L. Vargo and J. Silverman. In press. Fusion between aggressive Argentine ant colonies and its effect on colony size and productivity. Annals of the Entomological Society of America.
99. Eger, J. E., M. D. Lees, P. A. Nees, T. H. Atkinson, E. M. Thoms, M. T. Messenger, J. J. DeMark, L. –C. Lee, E. L. Vargo and M. P. Tolley. In press. Characterization of a refined cellulose bait matrix containing noviflumuron when monitored and replenished quarterly. Journal of Economic Entomology.
98. Vargo, E. L. and V. Parman. In press. Effect of fipronil on subterranean termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) colonies in the field. Journal of Economic Entomology.
97. Singham G. V., E. L. Vargo, W. Booth, A. S. Othman and C.-Y. Lee. In press. Polymorphic microsatellite loci from an indigenous Asian fungus-growing termite, Macrotermes gilvus (Blattodea: Termitidae) and cross amplification in related taxa. Environmental Entomology.
96. Booth, W., C. S. Brent, D. V. Calleri, R. B. Rosengaus, J. F. A. Traniello and E. L. Vargo. 2012. Population genetic structure and colony breeding system in dampwood termites (Zootermopsis angusticollis and Z. nevadensis nuttingi). Insectes Sociaux 59: 127-137. PDF File
95. Husseneder, C., D. M. Simms, J. R. Delatte, C. Wang, J. K. Grace and E. L. Vargo. 2012. Genetic diversity and colony breeding structure in native and introduced populations of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus. Biological Invasions 14: 419-437. PDF File
94. Vargo, E. L., P. E. Labadie and K. Matsuura. 2012. Asexual queen succession in the subterranean termite Reticulitermes virginicus. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B 279: 813-819. PDF File
93. Booth, W., L. Million, R. G. Reynolds, G. M. Burghardt, E. L. Vargo, C. Schal, A. C. Tzika and G. W. Schuett. 2011. Consecutive virgin births in the New World boid snake, the Colombian rainbow boa, Epicrates maurus. Journal of Heredity 102: 759-763 . PDF File
92. Booth, W., D. H. Johnson, S. Moore, C. Schal and E. L. Vargo. 2011. Evidence for viable, non-clonal but fatherless Boa constrictors. Biology Letters 7: 253-256 . PDF File (Write ups in Nature, BBC Earth News, Discovery News, New Scientist)
91. Booth, W., R. G. Santangelo, E. L. Vargo, D. V. Mukha and C. Schal. 2011. Determination of population genetic structure in German cockroaches (Blattella germanica): Differentiated islands in an agricultural landscape. Journal of Heredity 102: 175-183 . PDF File
90. Vargo, E. L. and C. Husseneder. 2011. Genetic structure of termite colonies and populations. In: Biology of Termites: A Modern Synthesis. D. E. Bignell, Y. Roisin and N. Lo (eds.), pp. 321-348. Springer. PDF File
89. Crissman, J. R., W. Booth, R. G. Santangelo, D. V. Mukha, E. L. Vargo and C. Schal. 2010. Population genetic structure of the German cockroach (Blattodea: Blattellidae) in apartment buildings. Journal of Medical Entomology 74: 553-564. PDF File
88. Haverty, M. I., R. L. Tabuchi, E. L. Vargo, D. L. Cox, L. J. Nelson and V. R. Lewis. 2010 . Response of Reticulitermes hesperus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) colonies to baiting with lufenuron in northern California. Journal of Economic Entomology 103:770-780. PDF File
87. Matsuura, K., C. Himuro, T. Yokoi, Y. Yamamoto, E. L. Vargo and L. Keller. 2010. Identification of a pheromone regulating caste differentiation in a termite. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A. 107: 12963-12968. PDF File Supporting Information PDF File (Write-up in Nature Chemical Biology)
86. Menke, S. B., W. Booth, R. R. Dunn, C. Schal, E. L. Vargo and J. Silverman. 2010. Is it easy to be urban? Convergent success in urban habitats among lineages of a widespread native ant. PLoS ONE 5: e9194. PDF File
85. Parman, V. and E. L. Vargo. 2010. Colony level effects of imidacloprid in subterranean termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 103: 791-798. PDF File
84. Tomalski, M., W. Leimkuehler, C. Schal and E. L. Vargo. 2010. Metabolism of imidacloprid in workers of Reticulitermes flavipes (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 103: 84-95. PDF File
83. Booth, W., E. Youngsteadt, C. Schal and E. L. Vargo. 2009. Characterization of 8 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the Neotropical ant-garden ant, Camponotus femoratus (Fabricius). Conservation Genetics 10:1401-1403 . PDF File
82. Booth, W., E. Youngsteadt, C. Schal and E. L. Vargo. 2009. Polymorphic microsatellite loci for the ant-garden ant, Crematogaster levior (Forel). Conservation Genetics 10: 639-641. PDF File
81. Matsuura, K., E. L. Vargo, K. Kawatsu, P. E. Labadie, H. Nakano, T. Yashiro and K. Tsuji. 2009. Queen succession through asexual reproduction in termites. Science 323:1687. PDF File. Supporting Online Material PDF File
80. Thoms, E. M., J. E. Eger, M. M. Messenger, E. L. Vargo, B. Cabrera, C. Riegel, S. Murphree, J. Mauldin and P. Scherer. 2009. Bugs, baits, and bureaucracy: Completing the first termite bait efficacy trials (quarterly replenishment of noviflumuron) initiated after adoption of Florida Rule, Chapter 5E-2.0311. American Entomologist 55: 29-39. PDF File
78. Booth, W., V. R. Lewis, R. L. Taylor, C. Schal and E. L. Vargo. 2008. Identification and characterization of 15 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the western dry-wood termite, Incisitermes minor (Hagen). Molecular Ecology Resources 8: 1102-1104. PDF File
77. Brent, C. S., J. F. A. Traniello and E. L. Vargo. 2008. Benefits and costs of secondary polygyny in the dampwood termite Zootermopsis angusticollis. Environmental Entomology 37: 883-888. PDF File
76. DeHeer, C. J. and E. L. Vargo. 2008. Strong mitochondrial DNA similarity but low relatedness at microsatellite loci among families within fused colonies of the termite Reticulitermes flavipes. Insectes Sociaux 55: 190-199. PDF File
75. Husseneder, C., J. E. Powell, J. K. Grace, E. L. Vargo and K. Matsuura. 2008. Worker size in the Formosan subterranean termite in relation to colony breeding structure as inferred from molecular markers. Environmental Entomology 37: 400-408. PDF File
74. Parman, V. and E. L. Vargo. 2008. Population density, species abundance and breeding structure of subterranean termite colonies in and around infested houses in central North Carolina. Journal of Economic Entomology 101: 1349-1359. PDF File
73.Pfannenstiel, R. S., W. Booth, E. L. Vargo and C. Schal. 2008. The Asian cockroach Blattella asahinai Mizukubo (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae): A new predator of lepidopteran eggs in south Texas soybean. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 101: 763-768. PDF File
72. Booth, W., S. M. Bogdanowicz, P. A. Prodöhl, R. G. Harrison, C. Schal and E. L. Vargo. 2007. Identification and characterization of 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the German cockroach, Blattella germanica. Molecular Ecology Notes 7: 648-650. PDF File
71. Brent, C. S., C. Schal and E. L. Vargo. 2007. Effects of social stimuli on the endocrine systems of maturing queens of the dampwood termite Zootermopsis angusticollis. Physiological Entomology 32: 26-33. PDF File
70. Mukha, D., V., A. S. Kagramanova, I. V. Lazebnaya, O. E. Lazebnyi, E. L. Vargo and C. Schal. 2007. Intraspecific variation and population structure of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica, revealed with RFLP analysis of the nontranscribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 21: 132-140. PDF File
69. Brent, C. S., C. Peeters, V. Dietmann, R. Crewe and E. L. Vargo. 2006. Hormonal correlates of reproductive status in the queenless ponerine ant, Streblognathus peetersi. Journal of Comparative Physiology A 192: 315-320. PDF File
68. Calleri, D. V., E. Reid, R. B. Rosengaus, E. L. Vargo and J. F. A. Traniello. 2006. Inbreeding and disease resistance in a social insect: effects of heterozygosity on immunocompetence in the termite Zootermopsis angusticollis. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 273: 2633-2640. PDF File
67. DeHeer, C. J. and E. L. Vargo. 2006. An indirect test of inbreeding depression in the termites Reticulitermes flavipes and R. virginicus. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 59: 753-761. PDF File
66. Long, C. E, E. L. Vargo, B. L. Thorne and T. R. Juba. 2006. Genetic analysis of breeding structure in laboratory-reared colonies of Reticulitermes flavipes (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Florida Entomologist 89: 521-523. PDF File
65. Vargo, E. L. and J. C. Carlson. 2006. Comparative study of breeding systems of sympatric subterranean termites (Reticulitermes flavipes and R. hageni) in central North Carolina using two classes of molecular genetic markers. Environmental Entomology 35: 173-187. PDF File
64. Vargo, E. L., C. Husseneder, D. Woodson, M. G. Waldvogel and J. K. Grace. 2006. Genetic analysis of colony and population structure of three introduced populations of the Formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in the continental United States. Environmental Entomology 35: 151-166. PDF File
63. Vargo, E. L., T. R. Juba and C. J. DeHeer. 2006. Relative abundance and comparative colony breeding structure in subterranean termites (Reticulitermes flavipes, R. virginicus, R. hageni, and Coptotermes formosanus) in a South Carolina lowcountry site as revealed with molecular markers. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 99: 1101-1109. PDF File
62. Brent, C. S., C. Schal and E. L. Vargo. 2005. Endocrine changes in maturing primary queens of Zootermopsis angusticollis. Journal of Insect Physiology 51: 1200-1209. PDF File
61. Copren, K. A., L. J. Nelson, E. L. Vargo and M. I. Haverty. 2005. Phylogenetic analyses of mtDNA sequences corroborate taxonomic designations based on cuticular hydrocarbons in subterranean termites. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 35: 689-700. PDF File
60. DeHeer, C. J., M. Kutnik, E. L. Vargo and A. –G. Bagnères. 2005. The breeding system and population structure of the termite Reticulitermes grassei in southern France. Heredity 95: 408-415. PDF File
59. De Menten, L., D. Fournier, C. Brent, L. Passera, E. L. Vargo and S. Aron. 2005. Dual mechanism of queen influence over sex ratio in the ant Pheidole pallidula. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 58: 527-533. PDF File
58. Husseneder, C., M. T. Messenger, N. –Y. Su, J. K. Grace and E. L. Vargo. 2005. Colony social organization and population genetic structure of an introduced population of Formosan subterranean termite from New Orleans, Louisiana. Journal of Economic Entomology 98: 1421-1434. PDF File
57. Dronnet, S., M. Chapuisat, E. L. Vargo, C. Lohou and A. –G. Bagnères. 2005. Genetic analysis of the breeding system of an invasive subterranean termite, Reticulitermes santonensis, in urban and natural habitats. Molecular Ecology 14: 1311-1320. PDF File
56. Buczkowski, G., E. L. Vargo and J. Silverman. 2004. The diminutive supercolony: the Argentine ants of the southeastern United States. Molecular Ecology 13: 2235-2242. PDF File
55. Fisher, M. L., R. E. Gold, E. L. Vargo and A. I. Cognato. 2004. Behavioral and genetic analysis of colony fusion in Reticulitermes flavipes (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Sociobiology 44: 565-576. PDF File
54. Fan, Y., C. Schal, E. L. Vargo and A. -G. Bagnères. 2004. Characterization of termite lipophorin and its involvement in hydrocarbon transport. Journal of Insect Physiology 50: 609-620. PDF File
53. DeHeer, C. J. and E. L. Vargo. 2004. Colony genetic organization and colony fusion in the termite Reticulitermes flavipes as revealed by foraging patterns over time and space. Molecular Ecology 13: 431-441. PDF File
52. Dronnet, S., A. -G. Bagnères, T. R. Juba and E. L. Vargo. 2004. Polymorphic microsatellite loci in the European subterranean termite, Reticulitermes santonensis Feytaud. Molecular Ecology Notes 4: 127-129. PDF File
51. Vargo, E. L. 2003. Hierarchical analysis of colony and population genetic structure of the eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes, using two classes of molecular markers. Evolution 57: 2805-2818. PDF File
50. Vargo, E. L. 2003. Genetic structure of Reticulitermes flavipes and R. virginicus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) colonies in an urban habitat and tracking of colonies following treatment with hexaflumuron bait. Environmental Entomology 32: 1271-1282. PDF File
49. Brent, C.S. and E. L. Vargo. 2003. Changes in juvenile hormone biosynthetic rates and whole body content in maturing virgin queens of Solenopsis invicta. Journal of Insect Physiology 49: 967-974. PDF File
48. Husseneder, C., J. K. Grace, M. T. Messenger, E. L. Vargo and N. Y. Su. 2003. Describing the spatial and social organization of Formosan subterranean termite colonies in Armstrong Park, New Orleans. Sociobiology 41: 61-65. PDF File
47. Vargo, E. L., C. Husseneder and J. K. Grace. 2003. Colony and population genetic structure of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus, in Japan. Molecular Ecology 12: 2599-2608. PDF File
46. Vargo, E. L., C. Husseneder, J. K. Grace, G. Henderson and D. Ring. 2003. Colony and population genetic structure of Formosan subterranean termites from Hawaii and Louisiana. Sociobiology 41: 67-69. PDF File
45. Husseneder, C., E. L. Vargo and J. K. Grace. 2003. Molecular genetic methods: new approaches to termite biology. In: Wood Deterioration and Preservation: Advances in our Changing World. American Chemical Society Symposium Series 845, pp. 358-370. B. Goodell, D. D.Nicholas and T. P. Schultz (eds.), American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. PDF File
44. Husseneder, C., Vargo, E. L. and J. K. Grace. 2002. Multilocus DNA fingerprinting and microsatellite genotyping: complementary approaches to investigating colony and population genetic structure in subterranean termites. Sociobiology 40: 217-226. PDF File
43. Passera, L., S. Aron, E. L. Vargo and L. Keller. 2001. Queen control of sex ratio in fire ants. Science 293: 1308-1310. PDF File
42. Vargo, E. L. and G. Henderson. 2000. Identification of polymorphic microsatellite loci in the Formosan subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. Molecular Ecology 9: 1935-1938. PDF File
41. Shoemaker, D. D., K. G. Ross, L. Keller, E. L. Vargo and J. H. Werren. 2000. Wolbachia infections in native and introduced populations of fire ants (Solenopsis spp.). Insect Molecular Biology 9: 661-673. PDF File
40. Vargo, E. L. 2000. Polymorphism at trinucleotide microsatellite loci in the subterranean termite Reticulitermes flavipes. Molecular Ecology 9: 817-820. PDF File
39. Vargo, E. L. and C. D. Hulsey. 2000. Multiple glandular origins of queen pheromones in the fire ant Solenopsis invicta. Journal of Insect Physiology 46: 1151-1159. PDF File
38. Vargo, E. L. 1999. Reproductive development and ontogeny of queen pheromone production in the fire ant Solenopsis invicta. Physiological Entomology 24: 370-376. PDF File
37. Vargo, E. L. 1998. Primer pheromones in ants. In: Pheromone Communication in Social Insects. Ants, Wasps, Bees, and Termites, R. K. Vander Meer, M. D. Breed, K. E. Espelie and M. L. Winston (eds.). Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado. Pp. 293-313. PDF File
36. Robinson, G. E. and E. L. Vargo. 1997. Juvenile hormone in adult eusocial Hymenoptera: gonadotropin and behavioral pacemaker. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 35: 559-583. PDF File
35. Ross, K. G., M. J. B. Krieger, D. D. Shoemaker, E. L. Vargo and L. Keller. 1997. Hierarchical analysis of genetic structure in native fire ant populations: results from three classes of molecular markers. Genetics 147: 643-655. PDF File
34. Vargo, E. L. 1997. Poison gland of queen fire ants (Solenopsis invicta) is the source of a primer pheromone. Naturwissenschaften 84: 507-510. PDF File
33. Ross, K. G., E. L. Vargo and L. Keller. 1996. Social evolution in a new environment: the case of introduced fire ants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 93: 3021-3025. PDF File
32. Ross, K. G., E. L. Vargo and L. Keller. 1996. Genetic basis for important social traits in the fire ant Solenopsis invicta. Evolution 50: 2387-2399. PDF File
31. Vargo, E. L. 1996. Sex investment ratios in monogyne and polygyne populations of the fire ant Solenopsis invicta. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 9: 783-802. PDF File
30. Aron, S., E. L. Vargo and L. Passera. 1995. Primary and secondary sex ratios in monogyne colonies of the fire ant. Animal Behaviour 49: 749-757. PDF File
29. Kaspari, M. and E. L. Vargo. 1995. Colony size as a buffer against seasonality: Bergmann¹s rule in social insects. American Naturalist 145: 610-632. PDF File
28. Kaspari, M. and E. L. Vargo. 1994. Nest site selection by fire ant queens. Insectes Sociaux 41: 331-333. PDF File
27. Vargo, E. L. and M. Laurel. 1994. Studies on the physiological mode of action of a queen primer pheromone in the fire ant Solenopsis invicta. Journal of Insect Physiology 40: 601-610. PDF File
26. Cherix, D., D. J. C. Fletcher, D. Chautems, W. Fortelius, G. Gris, L. Keller, R. Rosengren, E. L. Vargo and F. Walter. 1993. Attraction of the sexes in Formica lugubris Zett (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Insectes Sociaux 40: 319-324. PDF File
25. Keller, L. and E. L. Vargo. 1993. Reproductive structure and reproductive roles in colonies of eusocial insects. In: Queen Number and Sociality in Insects, L. Keller (ed.). Oxford University Press. Pp. 16-44. PDF File
24. Lanza, J., E. L. Vargo, S. Pulim and Y. Z. Chang. 1993. Preferences of the fire ants Solenopsis invicta and S. geminata (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) for amino acid and sugar components of extrafloral nectars. Environmental Entomology 22: 411-417. PDF File
23. Ross, K. G., E. L. Vargo, L. Keller and J. C. Trager. 1993. Effect of a founder event on variation in the genetic sex-determining system of the fire ant Solenopsis invicta. Genetics 135: 843-854. PDF File
22. Vargo, E. L. 1993. Colony reproductive structure in a polygyne population of the fire ant Solenopsis geminata (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 86: 441-449. PDF File
21. Vargo, E. L. and S. D. Porter. 1993. Reproduction by virgin queen fire ants in queenless conditions: comparative study of three taxa (Solenopsis richteri, hybrid S. invicta/S.richteri, S. geminata) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Insectes Sociaux 40: 283-293. PDF File
20. Walter, F., D. J. C. Fletcher, D. Chautems, D. Cherix, L. Keller, W. Francke, W. Fortelius, R. Rosengren and E. L. Vargo. 1993. Identification of the sex pheromone of an ant, Formica lugubris (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Naturwissenschaften 80: 30-34. PDF File
19. Vargo, E. L. 1992. Mutual pheromonal inhibition among queens in polygyne colonies of the fire ant Solenopsis invicta. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 31: 205-210. PDF File
18. Vargo, E. L. and L. Passera. 1992. Gyne development in the Argentine ant Iridomyrmex humilis: role of overwintering and queen control. Physiological Entomology 17: 193-201. PDF File
17. Cherix, D., D. Chautems, D. J. C. Fletcher, W. Fortelius, G. Gris, L. Keller, L. Passera, R. Rosengren, E. L. Vargo and F. Walter. 1991. Alternative reproductive strategies in Formica lugubris Zett. Ethology, Ecology and Evolution, Special Issue I: 61-66. PDF File
16. Passera, L., E. L. Vargo and L. Keller. 1991. Le nombre de reines chez les fourmis et sa conséquence sur l'organisation sociale. Année Biologique 30: 137-173. PDF File
15. Vargo, E. L. and L. Passera. 1991. Pheromonal and behavioral queen control over the production of gynes in the Argentine ant, Iridomyrmex humilis (Mayr). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 28: 161-169. PDF File
14. Passera, L., L. Keller, A. Grimal, D. Chautems, D. Cherix, D. J. C. Fletcher, W. Fortelius, R. Rosengren and E. L. Vargo. 1990. Carbohydrates as energy source during the flight of sexuals of the ant Formica lugubris (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Entomologia Generalis 15: 25-32. PDF File
13. Vargo, E. L. 1990. Social control of reproduction in fire ant colonies. In: Applied Myrmecology: A World Perspective, R. K. Vander Meer, K. Jaffe, and A. Cedeno (eds.). Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado. Pp. 158-172. PDF File
12. Vargo, E. L. and D. J. C. Fletcher. 1989. On the relationship between queen number and fecundity in polygyne colonies of the fire ant, Solenopsis invicta. Physiological Entomology 14: 223-232. PDF File
11. Vargo, E. L. and S. D. Porter. 1989. Colony reproduction by budding in the polygyne form of Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 82: 307-313. PDF File
10. Vargo, E. L. and K. G. Ross. 1989. Differential viability of eggs laid by queens in polygyne colonies of the fire ant, Solenopsis invicta. Journal of Insect Physiology 35: 587-593. PDF File
9. Ross, K. G., E. L. Vargo and D. J. C. Fletcher. 1988. Colony genetic structure and queen mating frequency in fire ants of the subgenus Solenopsis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 34: 105-117. PDF File
8. Vargo, E. L. 1988. A bioassay for a primer pheromone of queen fire ants (Solenopsis invicta) which inhibits the production of sexuals. Insectes Sociaux 35: 382-392. PDF File
7. Vargo, E. L. 1988. Effect of pleometrosis and colony size on the production of sexuals in monogyne colonies of the fire ant Solenopsis invicta. In: Advances in Myrmecology, J. C. Trager (ed.). E. J. Brill, New York. Pp. 217-225. PDF File
6. Vargo, E. L. and D. J. C. Fletcher. 1987. Effect of queen number on the production of sexuals in natural populations of the fire ant, Solenopsis invicta. Physiological Entomology 12: 109-116. PDF File
5. Ross, K. G., R. K. Vander Meer, D. J. C. Fletcher and E. L. Vargo. 1987. Biochemical phenotypic and genetic studies of two introduced fire ants and their hybrid (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Evolution 41: 280-293. PDF File
4. Ross, K. G., E. L. Vargo and D. J. C. Fletcher. 1987. Comparative biochemical genetics of three fire ant species in North America, with special reference to the two social forms of Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Evolution 41: 979-990. PDF File
3. Vargo, E. L. and P. R. Gibbs. 1987. Notes on the biology of the slave-making ant Polyergus lucidus Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Georgia. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 60: 479-482. PDF File
2. Vargo, E. L. and D. J. C. Fletcher. 1986. Queen number and the production of sexuals in the fire ant, Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 19: 41-47. PDF File
1. Vargo, E. L. and D. J. C. Fletcher. 1986. Evidence of pheromonal queen control over the production of male and female sexuals in the fire ant, Solenopsis invicta. Journal of Comparative Physiology A 159: 741-749. PDF File