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Rhetoric in Spain
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This fresco, of Rhetoric, and the one below, of Dialectic, are on the ceiling of the library at the Monasterio El Escorial, built by Philip II in the 16th century and used as a royal retreat. The frescos in the library, by Tibaldi, represent the Liberal Arts. Rhetoric was classically associated with the god Hermes, the quick-witted thief and herald of the gods, and his staff, the caduceus, is represented here.
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Dialectic, by Tibaldi, in the library of El Escorial. Note the books, which are frequent visual representations of dialectic, as are the horns (of a dilemma).
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Statue of Quintilian in the main plaza of Calahorra, where he was born in the first century BCE, when the Romans called the city Calagurris. The statue is recent.
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