Schal Lab
NC STATE UNIVERSITY

Publications

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  1. Benda N. D., C. Brownie, C. Schal and F. Gould. 2009. Fruit abscission by Physalis species as defense against frugivory. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 130: 21–27. PDF File
  2. Booth W., V. R. Lewis, R. L. Taylor, C. Schal and E. L. Vargo. 2008. Identification and characterization of 15 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the western dry-wood termite, Incisitermes minor (Hagen). Molecular Ecology Resources 8: 1102–1104. PDF File
  3. Booth W., E. Youngsteadt, C. Schal and E. L. Vargo. 2008. Polymorphic microsatellite loci for the ant-garden ant, Crematogaster levior (Forel). Conservation Genetics (in press DOI 10.1007/s10592-008-9597-y). PDF File
  4. Booth W., E. Youngsteadt, C. Schal and E. L. Vargo. 2008. Characterization of 8 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the Neotropical ant-garden ant, Camponotus femoratus (Fabricius). Conservation Genetics (in press DOI 10.1007/s10592-008-9705-z). PDF File
  5. Eliyahu D., S. Nojima, S. M. Siefert, D. L. Comins and C. Schal. 2008. Identification of cuticular lipids eliciting interspecific courtship in the German cockroach, Blattella germanica. Naturwissenschaften 95: 403–412 (journal cover). PDF File
  6. Eliyahu D., S. Nojima, K. Mori and C. Schal. 2008. New contact sex pheromone components of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica, predicted from the proposed biosynthetic pathway. Journal of Chemical Ecology 34: 229–237. PDF File
  7. Fan Y., D. Eliyahu and C. Schal. 2008. Cuticular hydrocarbons as maternal provisions in embryos and nymphs of the cockroach Blattella germanica. Journal of Experimental Biology 211: 548–554. PDF File
  8. Mullen S. P., J. Millar, C. Schal and K. L. Shaw. 2008. Identification and characterization of cuticular hydrocarbons from a rapid species radiation of Hawaiian swordtailed crickets (Gryllidae: Trigonidiinae: Laupala). Journal of Chemical Ecology 34: 198–204. PDF File
  9. Nojima S., C. S. Apperson and C. Schal. 2008. A simple, convenient, and efficient preparative GC system that uses a short megabore capillary column as a trap. Journal of Chemical Ecology 34: 418–428. PDF File
  10. Pfannenstiel R. S., W. Booth, E. L. Vargo and C. Schal. 2008. The Asian cockroach Blattella asahinai Mizukubo (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae): A new predator of lepidopteran eggs in south Texas soybean. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 101: 763–768. PDF File
  11. Ponnusamy L., N. Xu, S. Nojima, D. M. Wesson, C. Schal and C. S. Apperson. 2008. Identification of bacteria and bacteria-associated chemical cues that mediate oviposition site preferences by Aedes aegypti. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA105: 9262–9267. PDF File
  12. Ponnusamy L., N. Xu, G. Stav, D. M. Wesson, C. Schal and C. S. Apperson. 2008. Diversity of bacterial communities in container habitats of mosquitoes. Microbial Ecology 56: 593–603. PDF File
  13. Vasquez G., C. Schal and J. Silverman. 2008. Cuticular hydrocarbons as queen adoption cues in the invasive Argentine ant. Journal of Experimental Biology 211: 1249–1256. PDF File
  14. Youngsteadt E., S. Nojima, C. Häberlein, S. Schulz and C. Schal. 2008. Seed odor mediates an obligate ant-plant mutualism in Amazonian rainforest. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 105: 4571–4575. PDF File
  15. Booth W., S. M. Bogdanowicz, P. A. Prodöhl, R. G. Harrison, C. Schal and E. L. Vargo. 2007. Identification and characterization of 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the German cockroach, Blattella germanica. Molecular Ecology Notes 7: 648–650. PDF File
  16. Brent C. S., C. Schal and E. L. Vargo. 2007. Endocrine effects of social stimuli on maturing queens of the dampwood termite Zootermopsis angusticollis. Physiological Entomology 32: 26–33. PDF File
  17. Gore J. C. and C. Schal. 2007. Cockroach allergen biology and mitigation in the indoor environment. Annual Reviews of Entomology 52: 439–463. PDF File
  18. Groot A. T., R. G. Santangelo, E. Ricci, C. Brownie, F. Gould and C. Schal. 2007. Differential attraction of Heliothis subflexa males to synthetic pheromone lures in Eastern US and Western Mexico. Journal of Chemical Ecology 33: 353–368. PDF File
  19. Mukha D. V., A. S. Kagramanova, I. V. Lazebnaya, O. E. Lazebnyi, E. L. Vargo and C. Schal. 2007. Intraspecific variation and population structure of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica, revealed with RFLP analysis of the nontranscribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 21: 1–9. PDF File
  20. Mullen S. P., T. C. Mendelson, C. Schal and K. L. Shaw. 2007. Rapid evolution of cuticular hydrocarbons in a species radiation of acoustically diverse Hawaiian crickets (Gryllidae: Trigonidiinae: Laupala). Evolution 61: 223–231. PDF File
  21. Sever M. L., S. J. Arbes , J. C. Jr. Gore, R. G. Santangelo, B. Vaughn, H. Mitchell, C. Schal and D. C. Zeldin. 2007. Cockroach allergen reduction by cockroach control alone in low-income, urban homes: A randomized control trial. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 120: 849–855. PDF File
  22. Groot A. T., J. Bennett, J. Hamilton, R. G. Santangelo, C. Schal and F. Gould. 2006. Experimental evidence for interspecific directional selection force on moth pheromone communication. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 103: 5858–5863. PDF File
  23. Kagramanova A. S, A. L. Korolev, C. Schal and D. V. Mukha. 2006. Length polymorphism of integrated copies of R1 and R2 retrotransposons in the German cockroach (Blattella germanica) as a potential marker for population and phylogenetic studies. Russian Journal of Genetics 42: 397–401. PDF File
  24. Kovanci O. B., C. Schal, J. F. Walgenbach and G. G. Kennedy. 2006. Effects of pheromone loading, dispenser age, and trap height on pheromone trap catches of the oriental fruit moth in apple orchards. Phytoparasitica 34: 252–260.PDF File
  25. Mukha D. V., A. G. Chumachenko, M. J. Dykstra, J. Kurtti and C. Schal. 2006. Characterization of a new densovirus infecting the German cockroach, Blattella germanica. Journal of General Virology 87: 1567–1575. PDF File
  26. Sheck A. l., A. Groot, C. M. Ward, C. Gemeno, J. Wang, C. Schal and F. Gould. 2006. Genetics of sex pheromone blend differences between Heliothis virescens and Heliothis subflexa: A chromosome mapping approach. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 19: 600–617. PDF File
  27. Brent C. S., C. Schal and E. L. Vargo. 2005. Endocrine changes in maturing primary queens of Zootermopsis angusticollis. Journal of Insect Physiology 51: 1200–1209. PDF File
  28. Chumachenko A. G., C. Schal and D. V. Mukha. 2005. Discovery of retrotransposons of the cockroach Blattella germanica. Doklady Biochemistry and Biophysics 401: 104–107. PDF File
  29. Fan Y., J. C. Gore, K. O. Redding, L. D. Vailes, M. D. Chapman and C. Schal. 2005. Tissue location and regulation by juvenile hormone of German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) allergen Bla g 4. Insect Molecular Biology 14: 45–53. PDF file
  30. Gore J. C. and C. Schal 2005. Expression, production and excretion of Bla g 1, a major human allergen, in relation to food intake in the German cockroach Blattella germanica. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 19: 127–134. PDF file
  31. Groot A., Y. Fan, C. Brownie, R. A. Jurenka, F. Gould and C. Schal. 2005. Effect of PBAN of the sex pheromone compounds in glands of mated Heliothis virescens and Heliothis subflexa females. Journal of Chemical Ecology 31: 14–28. PDF file
  32. Groot A., C. Gemeno, C. Brownie, F. Gould and C. Schal. 2005. Male and female responses in Heliothis virescens and H. subflexa to conspecific and heterospecific sex pheromone compunds. Environmental Entomology 34: 256–263. PDF file
  33. Kovanci, O.B., C. Schal, J.F. Walgenbach and G.G. Kennedy. 2005. Comparison of mating disruption with pesticides for management of oriental fruit moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in North Carolina apple orchards. Journal of Economic Entomology 98: 1248–1258. PDF file
  34. Kovanci O. B., J. F. Walgenbach, G. G. Kennedy and C. Schal. 2005. Effects of application rate and interval on the efficacy of sprayable pheromone for mating disruption of the oriental fruit moth Grapholita molesta . Phytoparasitica 33: 334–342. PDF file
  35. Lazebnaya, I.V., S.K. Semenova, O.E. Lazebnyi, C. Schal and D.V. Mukha. 2005. Nuclear rDNA variability in laboratory strains of the German cockroach Blattella germanica L. (Blattellidae). Russian Journal of Genetics 41: 468–472. PDF file
  36. Mukha, D.V., V.A. Mysina and C. Schal. 2005. Characteristics of the structure of minor variants of external transcribed spacers of ribosomal DNA of the cockroach Blattella germanica. Doklady Biological Sciences 404: 348–351. PDF File
  37. Nojima, S., C. Schal, F.X. Webster, R.G. Santangelo and W.L. Roelofs. 2005. Identification of the sex pheromone of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica. Science 307: 1104–1106. PDF file
  38. Williams G.M., H.M. Linker, M.G. Waldvogel, R.B. Leidy and C. Schal. 2005. Comparison of conventional and integrated pest management programs in public schools. Journal of Economic Entomology 98: 1275–1283. PDF file
  39. Youngsteadt, E., Y.L. Fan, B. Stay and C. Schal. 2005. Cuticular hydrocarbon synthesis and its maternal provisioning to embryos in the viviparous cockroach Diploptera punctata . Journal of Insect Physiology 51: 803–809. PDF File
  40. Arbes, S.J., Jr., M. Sever, J. Mehta, J.C. Gore, C. Schal, B. Vaughn, H. Mitchell and D.C. Zeldin. 2004. Abatement of cockroach allergens (Bla g 1 and Bla g 2) in low-income urban housing. Month 12 continuation results. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 113: 109–114. PDF File
  41. Blomquist G. J., R. Jurenka, C. Schal and C. Tittiger. 2004. Biochemistry and molecular biology of pheromone production. In: Comprehensive Molecular Insect Science (L. Gilbert, K. Iatrou, S. Gill, Eds.), Volume 3, pp. 705–751, Pergamon Press.
  42. Eliyahu, D. K. Mori, W.S. Leal, and C. Schal 2004. Behavioral activity of stereoisomers and a new component of the contact sex pheromone of female German cockroach, Blatella germanica. Journal of Chemical Ecology 30: 1839–1848. PDF File
  43. Fan Y., C. Schal, E.L. Vargo and A.G. Bagneres. 2004. Characterization of termite lipophorin and its involvement in hydrocarbon transport. Journal of Insect Physiology 50: 609–620. PDF File
  44. Gemeno C., L. Zurek, and C. Schal. 2004. Control of Herpomyces spp. (Ascomycetes: Laboulbeniales) infection in the wood cockroach, Parcoblatta latta (Dictyoptera: Blattodea:Blattellidae), with benomyl. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 85: 132–135. PDF File
  45. Gemeno C. and C. Schal. 2004. Sex Pheromones of Cockroaches. In: Advances in Insect Chemical Ecology (R.T. Carde and J. Millar, Eds.), Chapter 6, pp. 179–247, Cambridge University Press, New York.
  46. Gore J. C. and C. Schal 2004. Gene expression and tissue distribution of the major human allergen Bla g 1 in the German cockroach, Blatella germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Journal of Medical Entomology 41: 953–960. PDF File
  47. Gore, J.C., and C. Schal 2004. Laboratory evaluation of boric acid-sugar solutions as baits for management of German cockroach infestations. Journal of Economic Entomology 97: 581–587. PDF File
  48. Gore, J.C., L. Zurek, R.G. Santangelo, S.M. Stringham, D.W. Watson and C. Schal. 2004. Water solutions boric acid and sugar for management of German cockroach populations in livestock production systems. Journal of Economic Entomology 97: 715–720. PDF File
  49. Groot A., J. O'brien, J. Bennett, J. Kelly, R.G. Santangelo, C. Schal and F. Gould. 2004. Introgressing pheromone QTL between species: Towards an evolutionary understanding of differentiation in sexual communication. Journal of Chemical Ecology 30: 2495–2514. PDF file
  50. Holbrook, G.L. and C. Schal. 2004. Maternal investment affects offspring phenotypic plasticity in a viviparous cockroach. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 101: 5595–5597. PDF File
  51. Zurek, L. and C. Schal. 2004. Evaluation of the German cockroach, Blatella germanica, as a vector of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli F18 in confined swine production. Veterinary Microbiology 101: 263–267. PDF file
  52. Arbes S. J., Jr., M. Sever, J. Archer, E. H. Long, J. C. Gore, C. Schal, M. Walter, B. Nuebler, B. Vaughn, H. Mitchell, E. Liu, N. Collette, P. Adler and D. C. Zeldin. 2003. Abatement of cockroach allergen (Bla g 1) in low-income, urban housing:a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 112: 339–345. PDF File (PDF File of commentary by Peyton Eggleston).
  53. Fan Y., L. Zurek, M. J. Dykstra, and C. Schal. 2003. Hydrocarbon synthesis by enzymatically dissociated oenocytes of the abdominal integument of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica. Naturwissenschaften 90: 121–126. PDF File
  54. Gemeno C., W. S. Leal, K. Mori and C. Schal. 2003. Behavioral and electropysiological responses of the brownbanded cockroach, Supella longipalpa, to stereoisomers of its sex pheromone, supellapyrone. Journal of Chemical Ecology 29: 1769–1783. PDF File
  55. Gemeno C., K. Snook, N. Benda and C. Schal. 2003. Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence for volatile sex pheromones in Parcoblatta wood cockroaches. Journal of Chemical Ecology 29: 37–54. PDF File
  56. Holbrook, G. L., J. Roebuck, C. B. Moore and C. Schal. 2003. Origin and extent of resistance to fipronil in the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 96: 1548–1558. PDF File
  57. Mukha D. V. and C. Schal. 2003. A Densovirus of German cockroach Blattella germanica: Detection, nucleotide sequence, and genome organization. Molecular Biology 37: 513–523. PDF File
  58. Schal C., Y. Fan and G. J. Blomquist. 2003. Regulation of pheromone biosynthesis, transport, and emission in cockroaches. In: Insect Pheromones: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (G. J. Blomquist and R. Vogt, Eds.), Ch. 10, pp. 283–322, Academic Press, New York. PDF File
  59. Trexler J. D., C. S. Apperson, C. Gemeno, M. J. Perich, D. Carlson and C. Schal. 2003. Field and laboratory evaluations of potential oviposition attractants for Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae). Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 19: 228–234. PDF File
  60. Trexler J. D., C. S. Apperson, L. Zurek, C. Gemeno, C. Schal, M. Kaufman, E. Walker, D. W. Watson and L. Wallace. 2003. Role of bacteria in mediating the oviposition responses of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae). Journal of Medical Entomology 40: 841–848. PDF File
  61. Zurek L., J. C. Gore, M. S. Stringham, D. W. Watson, M. G. Waldvogel and C. Schal. 2003. Boric acid dust as a component of an integrated cockroach management program in confined swine production. Journal of Economic Entomology 96: 1362–1366. PDF File
  62. Fan Y., J. Chase, V. L. Sevala and C. Schal. 2002. Lipophorin-facilitated hydrocarbon uptake by oocytes in the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.). Journal of Experimental Biology 205: 781–790. PDF File
  63. Mukha D. V., B. M. Wiegmann and C. Schal. 2002. Evolution and phylogenetic information content of the ribosomal DNA repeat unit in the Blattodea(Insecta). Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 32: 951–960. PDF File
  64. Mukha D.V., B.M. Wiegmann and C. Schal. 2002. Saltatory changes in the structure of the ribosomal DNA external transcribed spacer during the evolution of cockroaches of genus Blatella. Doklady Akademii nauk: A journal of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 387: 549–552.
  65. Zurek L., D. W. Watson, S. B. Krasnoff and C. Schal. 2002. Effect of the Entomopathogenic fungus, Entomophthora muscae (Zygomycetes: Entomophthoraceae), on sex pheromone and other cuticular hydrocarbons of the house fly, Musca domestica. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 80: 171–176. PDF File
  66. Zurek L., D. W. Watson, and C. Schal. 2002. Synergism between Metarhizium anisopliae (Deuteromycota: Hyphomycetes) and boric acid against the German cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Biological Control 23: 296–302. PDF File
  67. Buczkowski G. and C. Schal. 2001. Method of insecticide delivery affects horizontal transfer of fipronil in the German cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 94: 680–685. PDF File
  68. Buczkowski G. and C. Schal. 2001. Emetophagy: Fipronil-induced regurgitation of bait and its dissemination from German cockroach adults to nymphs. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 71: 147–155. PDF File
  69. Buczkowski G., R. J. Kopanic and C. Schal. 2001. Transfer of ingested insecticides among cockroaches: effects of active ingredient, bait formulation, and assay procedures. Journal of Economic Entomology 94: 1229–1236. PDF File
  70. Kopanic R. J. Jr., G. L. Holbrook, V. Sevala and C. Schal. 2001. An adaptive benefit of facultative coprophagy in the German cockroach Blattella germanica (L.). Ecological Entomology 26: 154–162. PDF File
  71. Mpuru S., G. J. Blomquist, C. Schal, M. Roux, M. Kuenzli, G. Dusticier, J. -L. Clément and A. -G. Bagnères. 2001. Effect of age and sex on the production of internal and external hydrocarbons and pheromones in the housefly, Musca domestica. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 31: 139–155. PDF File
  72. Nalyanya G., D. Liang, R. J. Kopanic Jr. and C. Schal. 2001. Attractiveness of insecticide baits for cockroach control (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae): Laboratory and field studies. Journal of Economic Entomology 94: 686–693. PDF File
  73. Nalyanya G. and C. Schal. 2001. Evaluation of attractants for monitoring populations of the German cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 94: 208–214. PDF File
  74. Schal, C., V. Sevala, M. de L. Capurro, T. E. Snyder, G. J. Blomquist, and A.-G. Bagnères. 2001. Tissue distribution and lipophorin transport of hydrocarbons and sex pheromones in the house fly, Musca domestica. Journal of Insect Science 1: 12 (11 p). PDF File
  75. Zurek L., S. S. Denning, C. Schal and D. W. Watson. 2001. Vector competence of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) for Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Journal of Medical Entomology 38: 333–335. PDF File
  76. Holbrook G. L., E. Armstrong, J. A. S. Bachmann, B. M. Deasy and C. Schal. 2000. Role of feeding in the reproductive egroup effectf in females of the German cockroach Blattella germanica (L.). Journal of Insect Physiology 46: 941–949. PDF File
  77. Holbrook G. L., J. A. S. Bachmann and C. Schal. 2000. Effects of ovariectomy and mating on the activity of the corpora allata in adult female Blattella germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera:Blattellidae). Physiological Entomology 25: 27–34. PDF File (PDF File of Letter to the Editor & Response).
  78. Mukha D. V., A. P. Sidorenko, I. V. Lazebnaya, B. M. Wiegmann and C. Schal. 2000. Analysis of intraspecies polymorphism in the ribosomal DNA cluster of the cockroach Blattella germanica. Insect Molecular Biology 9: 217–222. PDF File
  79. Nalyanya G., C. B. Moore and C. Schal. 2000. Integration of repellents, attractants, and insecticides in a "push-pull" strategy for managing German cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) populations. Journal of Medical Entomology 37: 427–434. PDF File
  80. Sevala V., A. -G. Bagnères, M. Kuenzli, G. J. Blomquist and C. Schal. 2000. Cuticular hydrocarbons of the termite Zootermopsis nevadensis (Hagen): Caste differences and role of lipophorin in transport of hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon metabolites. Journal of Chemical Ecology 26: 765–789. PDF File
  81. Young H. P., J. Larabee, A. Gibbs and C. Schal. 2000. Relationship between tissue-specific hydrocarbon profiles and their melting temperatures in the cockroach Blattella germanica (L.). Journal of Chemical Ecology 26: 1245–1263. PDF File
  82. Zurek L., C. Schal and D. W. Watson. 2000. Diversity and contribution of the intestinal bacterial community to the development of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) larvae. Journal of Medical Entomology 37: 924-928. PDF File
  83. Holbrook G. L., J. Roebuck, C. B. Moore and C. Schal. 1999. Prevalence and magnitude of insecticide resistance in the German cockroach (Dictyoptera, Blattellidae). In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Urban Pests (W. H. Robinson, F. Rettich and G. W. Rambo, eds.), Grafické Závody Hronov, Czech Republic, pp. 141-145.
  84. Kopanic R. J. Jr. and C. Schal. 1999. Coprophagy facilitates horizontal transmission of bait among cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Environmental Entomology 28: 431-438. PDF File
  85. Mukha D. V., B. M. Wiegmann and C. Schal. 1999. Saltatory changes in the ribosomal gene clusters during evolution of Cockroaches of the GenusBlattella. Doklady Akademii nauk: A journal of the Russian Academy of Sciences 364: 38-43. PDF File
  86. Pearson G.A. and C. Schal. 1999. Electroantennogram responses of both sexes of grape root borer (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) to synthetic female sex pheromone. Environmental Entomology 28: 943-946. PDF File
  87. Sevala V., S. Shu, S. B. Ramaswamy and C. Schal. 1999. Lipophorin of female Blattella germanica: Characterization and relation to hemolymph titers of juvenile hormone and hydrocarbons. Journal of Insect Physiology 45: 431-441. PDF File
  88. Young H. P, J. A. S. Bachmann and C. Schal. 1999. Food intake in Blattella germanica (L.) nymphs affects hydrocarbon synthesis and its allocation in adults between epicuticle and reproduction. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 41: 214-224. PDF File
  89. Young H. P, J. A. S. Bachmann, V. Sevala and C. Schal. 1999. Site of synthesis, tissue distribution, and lipophorin transport of hydrocarbons in Blattella germanica (L.) nymphs. Journal of Insect Physiology 45: 305-315. PDF File
  90. Waldvogel M. G., C. B. Moore, G. W. Nalyanya, S. M. Stringham, D. W. Watson and C. Schal. 1999. Integrated cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) management in confined swine production. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Urban Pests (W. H. Robinson, F. Rettich and G. W. Rambo, Eds.), Grafické Závody Hronov, Czech Republic, pp. 183-188.
  91. Chiang A.-S., G. L. Holbrook, H-W. Cheng and C. Schal. 1998. Neural control of cell size in the corpora allata during the reproductive cycle of the cockroach Diploptera punctata (Dictyoptera: Blaberidae). Invertebrate Reproduction and Development 33: 25-34.
  92. Holbrook G. L., A-S. Chiang, Y-J. Lee and C-Y. Lin and C. Schal. 1998. Juvenile hormone biosynthesis in relation to corpus allatum development in embryos of the viviparous cockroach, Diploptera punctata. Invertebrate Reproduction and Development 33: 69-79.
  93. Holbrook G. L and C. Schal. 1998. Social influences on larval development in the viviparous cockroach Diploptera punctata. Physiological Entomology 23: 121-130. PDF File
  94. Liang D., A. Zhang, R. J. Kopanic Jr., W. Roelofs and C. Schal. 1998. Field and laboratory evaluation of female sex pheromone for detection, monitoring, and management of brownbanded cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 91: 480-485. PDF File
  95. Schal C., V. Sevala and R. T. Cardé. 1998. Novel and highly specific transport of a volatile sex pheromone by hemolymph lipophorin in moths. Naturwissenschaften 85: 339-342. PDF File
  96. Schal C, V. L. Sevala, H. P. Young and J.A.S. Bachmann. 1998. Synthesis and transport of hydrocarbons: cuticle and ovary as target tissues. American Zoologist 38: 382-393. PDF File
  97. Tillman J. A., G. L. Holbrook, P. L. Dallara, C. Schal, D. L. Wood, G. J. Blomquist and S. J. Seybold. 1998. Endocrine regulation of de novo aggregation pheromone biosynthesis in the pine engraver, Ips pini (Say) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 28: 705-715. PDF File
  98. Trexler J. D., C. S. Apperson, and C. Schal. 1998. Laboratory and field evaluations of oviposition responses of Aedes lbopictus and Aedes triseriatus (Diptera: Culicidae) to oak leaf infusions. Journal of Medical Entomology 35: 967-976. PDF File
  99. Holbrook G. L., A-S. Chiang and C. Schal. 1997. Improved conditions for culture of biosynthetically active cockroach corpora allata. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology - Animal 33: 452-458.
  100. Kopanic R. J. Jr. and C. Schal. 1997. Relative significance of direct ingestion and adult-mediated translocation of bait to German cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) nymphs. Journal of Economic Entomology, Forum 90: 1073-1079. PDF File
  101. Schal C., G. L. Holbrook, J. A. S. Bachmann and V. L. Sevala. 1997. Reproductive biology of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica: Juvenile hormone as a pleiotropic master regulator. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 35: 405-426. PDF File
  102. Sevala V. L., J. A. S. Bachmann and C. Schal. 1997. Lipophorin: A hemolymph juvenile hormone binding protein in the German cockroach, Blattella germanica. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 27: 663-670. PDF File
  103. Trexler J. D., C. S. Apperson and C. Schal. 1997. Diel oviposition patterns of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and Aedes triseriatus (Say) in the laboratory and the field. Journal of Vector Ecology 22: 64-70.
  104. Young H. P. and C. Schal. 1997. Cuticular hydrocarbon synthesis in relation to feeding and developmental stage in Blattella germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) nymphs. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 90: 655-663. PDF File
  105. Chiang A-S., G. L. Holbrook and C. Schal 1996. Development-activity relationships in nymphal corpora allata of Diploptera punctata. Physiological Entomology 21: 268-274. PDF File
  106. Chiang A-S., W-H. Tsai, G. L. Holbrook and C. Schal. 1996. Control of cell proliferation in the corpora allata during the reproductive cycle of the cockroach Diploptera punctata. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 32: 299-313. PDF File
  107. Holbrook G. L., A-S. Chiang and C. Schal. 1996. Allatostatin inhibition and farnesol stimulation of corpus allatum activity in embryos of the viviparous cockroach, Diploptera punctata. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 32: 341-352. PDF File
  108. Kinscherf K. M., R. J. Steltenkamp, T. F. Connors and C. Schal. 1996. Benefits of cleaning products containing the repellent methyl neodecanamide against Blattella germanica (L.). International Pest Control 38: 88-91.
  109. Roelofs W. L., C. Schal, F. X. Webster, R. E. Charlton and A. Zhang. April 9, 1996. Cockroach attractant. U. S. Pat. 5,505,951.
  110. Schal C., D. Liang and G. J. Blomquist. 1996. Neural and endocrine control of pheromone production and release in cockroaches. In: Insect Pheromone Research: New Directions (R. T. Cardé and A. K. Minks, Eds.), Chapman and Hall, New York, pp. 3-20.
  111. Chiang A-S., W-H. Tsai and C. Schal C. 1995. Neural and hormonal regulation of corpora allata in the cockroach, Diploptera punctata. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 115: 51-57. PDF File
  112. Gu X., D. Quilici, P. Juarez, G. J. Blomquist and C. Schal. 1995. Biosynthesis of hydrocarbons and contact sex pheromone and their transport by lipophorin in females of the German cockroach (Blattella germanica). Journal of Insect Physiology 41: 257-267. PDF File
  113. Leal W. S., X. Shi, D. Liang, C. Schal and J. Meinwald. 1995. Application of chiral gas chromatography with electroantennographic detection to the determination of the stereochemistry of a cockroach sex pheromone. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 92: 1033-1037. PDF File
  114. Patt J. M., J. C. French, C. Schal, J. Leck and T. G. Hartman. 1995. The pollination biology of tuckahoe, Peltandra virginica (Araceae). American Journal of Botany 82: 1230-1240. PDF File
  115. Schal C. and A-S. Chiang. 1995. Hormonal control of sexual receptivity in cockroaches. Experientia 51: 994-998. PDF File
  116. Tsai W-H., G. L. Holbrook, C. Schal and A-S. Chiang. 1995. In vitro growth of corpora allata from Diploptera punctata. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology 31: 542-546.
  117. Chiang A-S. and C. Schal C. 1994. Cyclic volumetric changes in corpus allatum cells in relation to juvenile hormone biosynthesis during ovarian cycles in cockroaches. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 27: 53-64. PDF File
  118. Liang D. and C. Schal. 1994. Neural and hormonal regulation of calling behavior in Blattella germanica females. Journal of Insect Physiology 40: 251-258. PDF File
  119. Roelofs W. L., C. Schal, F. X. Webster, R. E. Charlton and A. Zhang. March 22, 1994. Cockroach attractant. U. S. Pat. 5,296,220.
  120. Schal C., X. Gu, E. L. Burns and G. J. Blomquist. 1994. Patterns of biosynthesis and accumulation of hydrocarbons and contact sex pheromone in the female German cockroach, Blattella germanica. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 25: 375-391. PDF File (PDF File of Introduction to Special Issue of AIBP).
  121. Blomquist G. J., J. A. Tillman-Wall, L. Guo, D. R. Quilici, P. Gu and C. Schal. 1993. Hydrocarbon and hydrocarbon-derived sex pheromones in insects: Biochemistry and endocrine regulation. In: Insect Lipids: Chemistry, Biochemistry & Biology (D. W. Stanley-Samuelson and D. R. Nelson, Eds.), University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, Nebraska, pp. 317-351.
  122. Charlton R. E., F. X. Webster, A. Zhang, C. Schal, D. Liang, I. Sreng and W. L. Roelofs. 1993. Sex pheromone of the brownbanded cockroach is an unusual dialkyl-substituted alpha-pyrone. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 90: 10202-10205. PDF File
  123. Gadot M., M. P. Pener and C. Schal. 1993. Variability in juvenile hormone production by locust corpora allata kept in vitro for long periods. Physiological Entomology 18: 257-262.
  124. Liang D. and C. Schal. 1993. Volatile sex pheromone in the female German cockroach. Experientia 49: 324-328. PDF File
  125. Liang D. and C. Schal. 1993. Female calling behavior of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Journal of Insect Behavior 6: 603-614. PDF File
  126. Liang D. and C. Schal. 1993. Ultrastructure and maturation of a sex pheromone gland in the female German cockroach, Blattella germanica. Tissue & Cell 25: 763-776.
  127. Schal C., A-S. Chiang, E. L. Burns, M. Gadot and R. A. Cooper. 1993. Role of the brain in juvenile hormone synthesis and oocyte development: Effects of dietary protein in the cockroach Blattella germanica (L.). Journal of Insect Physiology 39: 303-313. PDF File
  128. Chase J., K. Toahara, G. D. Prestwich, C. Schal and G. J. Blomquist. 1992. Biosynthesis and endocrine control of the production of the German cockroach sex pheromone, 3,11-dimethylnonacosan-2-one. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 89: 6050-6054. PDF File
  129. Chiang A-S., G. L. Holbrook and C. Schal. 1992. Postembryonic development of the corpora allata in relation to juvenile hormone biosynthesis in cockroaches. In: Fundamental and Applied Progress in Insect Juvenile Hormone Research (B. Mauchamp, F. Couillaud and J. C. Baehr, Eds.), INRA Press, France, pp. 219-230.
  130. Cooper R. A and C. Schal. 1992. Effects of protein type on development and reproduction of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Entomologia experimentalis et Applicata 63: 123-134.
  131. Cooper R. A and C. Schal. 1992. Differential development and reproduction of the German cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) on three laboratory diets. Journal of Economic Entomology 85: 838-844. PDF File
  132. Gadot M., C. Schal and M. P. Pener. 1992. Long-term in vitro incubation of insect corpora allata. In: Fundamental and Applied Progress in Insect Juvenile Hormone Research (B. Mauchamp, F. Couillaud and J. C. Baehr, Eds.), INRA Press, France, pp. 63-72.
  133. Patt J. M., T. G. Hartman, W. Creekmore, J. Elliott, C. Schal, J. Leck and R. T. Rosen. 1992. Floral odor of Peltandra virginica contains novel bicyclo-dioxolanes. Phytochemistry 31: 487-491. PDF File
  134. Schal C. 1992. Sulfluramid resistance and vapor toxicity in field-collected German cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Journal of Medical Entomology 29: 207-215. PDF File
  135. Schal C., D. Liang, L. K. Hazarika, R. E. Charlton and W. L. Roelofs. 1992. Site of pheromone production in female Supella longipalpa (F.) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae): Behavioral, electrophysiological and morphological evidence. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 85: 605-611. PDF File
  136. Steltenkamp R. J., R. L. Hamilton, R. A. Cooper and C. Schal. 1992. Alkyl and aryl neoalkanamides: Highly effective insect repellents. Journal of Medical Entomology, Forum 29: 141-149. PDF File
  137. Burns E. L., A-S. Chiang, M. Gadot and C. Schal. 1991. Juvenile hormone regulation of the left colleterial gland in intact and ovariectomized Blattella germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Journal of Insect Physiology 37: 401-405. PDF File
  138. Chiang A-S., E. L. Burns and C. Schal. 1991. Ovarian regulation of cyclic changes in size and activity of corpus allatum cells in Blattella germanica. Journal of Insect Physiology 37: 907-917. PDF File
  139. Chiang A-S., M. Gadot, E. L. Burns and C. Schal. 1991. Sexual differentiation of nymphal corpora allata and the effects of ovariectomy on gland morphometrics in adult Blattella germanica. Experientia 47: 81-83. PDF File
  140. Chiang A-S., M. Gadot, E. L. Burns and C. Schal. 1991. Developmental regulation of juvenile hormone synthesis: Ovarian synchronization of volumetric changes in corpus allatum cells in cockroaches. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 75: 141-147. PDF File
  141. Chiang A-S. and C. Schal. 1991. Correlation between size of corpus allatum and juvenile hormone biosynthesis in Blattella germanica adult females. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 18: 37-44. PDF File
  142. Corrigan J. E., J. H. Lashomb, M. L. May and C. Schal. 1991. Oviposition behavior of Edovum puttleri, reared on two hosts, Leptinotarsa decemlineata and L. texana. Entomologia experimentalis et Applicata 61: 139-147.
  143. Gadot M., A-S. Chiang, E. L. Burns and C. Schal. 1991. Cyclic juvenile hormone biosynthesis in the cockroach Blattella germanica: Effects of ovariectomy and corpus allatum denervation. General and Comparative Endocrinology 81: 163-171.
  144. Hamilton R. L. and C. Schal. 1991. Effects of dextrin and cellulose on feeding and reproduction in female brown-banded cockroaches, Supella longipalpa. Physiological Entomology 16: 57-64.
  145. Schal C., E. L. Burns, M. Gadot, J. Chase and G. J. Blomquist 1991. Biochemistry and regulation of pheromone production in Blattella germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Insect Biochemistry 21: 73-79. PDF File
  146. Smith A. F. and C. Schal. 1991. Circadian calling behavior in the adult female brown-banded cockroach, Supella longipalpa (F.) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Journal of Insect Behavior 4: 1-14. PDF File
  147. Yin L. R. S., C. Schal and R. T. Cardé. 1991. Sex pheromone gland of the female tiger moth Holomelina lamae (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology 69: 1916-1921.
  148. Blomquist, G. J. and C. Schal. 1990. Biochemistry and endocrine regulation of sex pheromone production in the housefly and German cockroach. In: Molecular Insect Science (H. H. Hagedorn, J. G. Hildebrand, M. G. Kidwell and J. H. Law, Eds), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 231-242.
  149. Chase J., R. A. Jurenka, C. Schal, P. P. Halarnkar and G. J. Blomquist. 1990. Biosynthesis of methyl branched hydrocarbons: Precursors to the female contact sex pheromone of the German cockroach Blattella germanica (L.) (Orthoptera, Blattellidae). Insect Biochemistry 20: 149-156. PDF File
  150. Chiang A., M. Gadot, E. L. Burns and C. Schal. 1990. Changes in number and size of corpus allatum cells of Blattella germanica during oocyte maturation. In: Insect Neurochemistry and Neurophysiology (A. B. Borkovec and E. P. Masler, Eds.), Humana Press, Clifton, pp. 317-320.
  151. Chon T-S., D. Liang and C. Schal. 1990. Effects of mating and grouping on oocyte development and pheromone release activities in the female brown-banded cockroach, Supella longipalpa (F.) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Environmental Entomology 19: 1716-1721. PDF File
  152. Gadot M., A. Chiang, E. Burns and C. Schal. 1990. Patterns of corpora allata activity in ovariectomized Blattella germanica. In: Insect Neurochemistry and Neurophysiology (A. B. Borkovec and E. P. Masler, Eds.), Humana Press, Clifton, pp. 321-324.
  153. Hamilton R. H., R. A. Cooper and C. Schal. 1990. The influence of nymphal and adult dietary protein on consumption and reproduction in female brown-banded cockroaches. Entomologia experimentalis et Applicata 55: 23-31.
  154. Hamilton R. H. and C. Schal. 1990. Sublethal effects of chlorpyrifos-methyl on reproduction in female German cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 83: 441-443. PDF File
  155. Liang D. and C. Schal. 1990. Effects of pheromone concentration and photoperiod on the behavioral response sequence to sex pheromone in the male brown-banded cockroach, Supella longipalpa. Journal of Insect Behavior 3: 211-223. PDF File
  156. Liang D. and C. Schal. 1990. Circadian rhythmicity and development of the behavioural response to sex pheromone in male brown-banded cockroaches, Supella longipalpa. Physiological Entomology 15: 355-361.
  157. Schal C., E. Burns and G. J. Blomquist. 1990. Endocrine regulation of female contact sex pheromone production in the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.). Physiological Entomology 15: 81-91.
  158. Schal C., E. L. Burns, R. A. Jurenka and G. J. Blomquist. 1990. A new component of the sex pheromone of Blattella germanica (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae), and interaction with other pheromone components. Journal of Chemical Ecology 16: 1997-2008.
  159. Schal C. and R. Hamilton. 1990. Integrated suppression of synanthropic cockroaches. Annual Review of Entomology 35: 521-551. PDF File
  160. Schal C. and A. Smith. 1990. Neuroendocrine regulation of pheromone synthesis and release in cockroaches. In: Cockroaches As Models for Neurobiology: Applications in Biomedical Research (I. Huber, B. R. Rao, E. P. Masler, Eds.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Vol. II, pp. 179-200.
  161. Smith A. F. and C. Schal. 1990. Corpora allata control of pheromone production and release in the female brown-banded cockroach, Supella longipalpa (F.). Journal of Insect Physiology 36: 251-257. PDF File
  162. Smith A. F. and C. Schal. 1990. The physiological basis for the termination of calling in the female brown-banded cockroach, Supella longipalpa (F.). Journal of Insect Physiology 36: 369-373. PDF File
  163. Chiang A., M. Gadot and C. Schal. 1989. Morphometric analysis of the corpus allatum cells in adult females of three cockroach species. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 67: 179-184. PDF File
  164. Gadot M., A-S. Chiang and C. Schal. 1989. Farnesoic acid-stimulated rates of juvenile hormone biosynthesis during the gonotrophic cycle in Blattella germanica. Journal of Insect Physiology 35: 537-542. PDF File
  165. Gadot M., E. Burns and C. Schal. 1989. Juvenile hormone biosynthesis and oocyte development in adult female Blattella germanica: Effects of grouping and mating. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 11: 189-200. PDF File
  166. Jurenka R. A., C. Schal, E. Burns, J. Chase and G. J. Blomquist. 1989. Structural correlation between the cuticular hydrocarbons and the female contact sex pheromone of the German cockroach Blattella germanica (L.). Journal of Chemical Ecology 15: 939-949.
  167. Smith A. F., K. Yagi, S. S. Tobe and C. Schal. 1989. In vitro rates of juvenile hormone biosynthesis in adult virgin and mated female Supella longipalpa (F.) over two reproductive cycles. Journal of Insect Physiology 35: 781-785. PDF File
  168. Hamilton R. and C. Schal. 1988. Effects of dietary protein levels on sexual maturation and reproduction in the German cockroach (Blattella germanica L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 81: 969-976. PDF File
  169. Schal C. 1988. Relation among efficacy of insecticides, resistance levels, and sanitation, in the control of the German cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 81: 536-544. PDF File
  170. Schal C. 1988. Regulation of pheromone synthesis and release in cockroaches. In: Endocrinological Frontiers in Physiological Insect Ecology ( F. Sehnal, A. Zabza, D. L. Denlinger, Eds.), Technical University of Wroclaw Press, Poland, pp. 695-700.
  171. Elkinton J.S., C. Schal, T. Ono and R. T. Cardé. 1987. Pheromone puff trajectory and upwind flight of male gypsy moths in a forest. Physiological Entomology 12: 399-406.
  172. Schal C., R. Charlton and R. T. Cardé. 1987. Temporal patterns of sex pheromone titers and release rates in Holomelina lamae (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae). Journal of Chemical Ecology 13: 1115-1129.
  173. Schal C. and W. J. Bell. 1986. Vertical community structure and resource utilization in some neotropical rain-forest cockroaches. Ecological Entomology 11: 411-423.
  174. Schal C. and R. T. Cardé. 1986. Effects of temperature and light on calling behavior in the tiger moth Holomelina lamae (Freeman) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae). Physiological Entomology 11: 75-87.
  175. Webster R., R. Charlton, C. Schal and R. T. Cardé. 1986. High efficiency pheromone trap for monitoring the European Corn Borer. Journal of Economic Entomology 79: 1139-1142. PDF File
  176. Schal C. and W. J. Bell. 1985. Calling behavior in female cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattaria). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 58: 261-268.
  177. Schal C. and R. T. Cardé. 1985. Rhythmic extrusion of pheromone gland elevates pheromone release rate. Experientia 41: 1617-1619. PDF File
  178. Schal C., J.-Y. Gautier and W. J. Bell. 1984. Behavioural ecology of cockroaches. Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 59: 209-254. PDF File
  179. Schal C. 1983. Behavioral and Physiological Ecology and Community Structure of Tropical Cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattaria). Ph.D. Dissertation, 130 p. (Major professor: Dr. William J. Bell).
  180. Schal C. 1983. Blaberus giganteus and Xestoblatta hamata: Examples of behavioral diversity of tropical cockroaches. In: Costa Rican Natural History (D. Janzen, Ed.), University of Chicago Press, pp. 693-696.
  181. Schal C. and W. J. Bell. 1983. Determinants of dominant-subordinate interactions in males of the cockroach Nauphoeta cinerea. Biology of Behaviour 8: 117-139.
  182. Schal C., T. R. Tobin, J. L. Surber, G. Vogel, M. K. Tourtellot, R. Leban, R. Sizemore and W. J. Bell. 1983. Search strategy of sex pheromone stimulated male German cockroaches. Journal of Insect Physiology 29: 575-579. PDF File
  183. Schal C. 1982. Intraspecific vertical stratification as a mate-finding mechanism in tropical cockroaches. Science 215: 1405-1407. PDF File
  184. Schal C. and W. J. Bell. 1982. Ecological correlates of paternal investment of urates in a tropical cockroach. Science 281: 171-173. PDF File
  185. Schal C., J. Fraser and W. J. Bell. 1982. Disturbance stridulation and chemical defence in nymphs of the tropical cockroach Megaloblatta blaberoides. Journal of Insect Physiology 28: 541-552. PDF File
  186. Fisk F. W. and C. Schal. 1981. Notes on new species of epilamprine cockroaches from Costa Rica and Panama (Blattaria: Blaberidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 83: 694-706.
  187. Bell W. J. and C. Schal. 1980. Patterns of turning in courtship orientation in the male German cockroach. Animal Behaviour 28: 86-94. PDF File