Three similar historical moments: Above the line = those in power; below the line= those threatening the ones in power

Venice, 1618 Conspiracy

Republic/Senators/Catholics

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Spanish ambassador, Papal conspiracy against the republic. Spanish infiltration of Venice

England, 1678-9 The Popish Plot

Constitutional monarchial govt. of Charles II/Royalists/Anglicans

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Titus Oates & Israel Tongue allege a Jesuit/Catholic conspiracy to kill Charles II. French infiltration of England

*murder of Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey

England, 1681-2 The Exclusion Crisis

Constitutional monarchial govt. of Charles II/Royalists/Tory/Anglicans

_______________

Whig members of Parliament against James II becoming King, and for The Duke of Monmouth becoming king. Led by Anthony Cooper, Earl of Shaftesbury, Anglican