Cyclorrhapha

                               ============ Platypezidae 
                               |
                               |  ========= Lonchopteridae 
                               |  |
               ==Platypezoidea=|  |  ====== Ironomyiidae 
               |               ===|  |
     ==Aschiza=|                  ===|  === Sciadoceridae 
<<===|         |                     ===|
     |         |                        === Phoridae 
     |         |
     |         |            =============== Syrphidae 
     |         ==Syrphoidea=|
     |                      =============== Pipunculidae 
     |
     ====================================== Schizophora 

Containing clade: Brachycera

Table of Contents

References

References

Griffiths, G.C.D. 1994.  Relationships among the major subgroups 
          of Brachycera (Diptera): A critical review.  The Canadian 
          Entomologist, 126:861-880.
King, D. G. 1991. The origin of an organ: Phylogenetic analysis 
          of evolutionary innovation in the digestive tract of 
          flies (Insecta: Diptera). Evolution 45(3): 568-588.
McAlpine, J.F., B.V. Peterson, G.E. Shewell, H.J. Teskey, J.R. 
          Vockeroth, and D.M. Wood (eds.). 1981, 1987. Manual 
          of Nearctic Diptera, Vol. 1 & 2. Research Branch, Agriculture 
          Canada, Monographs 27 & 28.
McAlpine, J.F and D.M. Wood (eds.).  Manual of Nearctic Diptera, 
          Vol. 3. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Monograph 
          32.
Sinclair, B. J. 1992. A phylogenetic interpretation of the Brachycera 
          (Diptera) based on the larval mandible and associated 
          mouthpart structures. Systematic Entomology 17(3): 
          233-252.
Vossbrinck, C. R. and S. Friedman. 1989. A 28s ribosomal RNA 
          phylogeny of certain cyclorrhaphous Diptera based upon 
          a hypervariable region. Systematic Entomology 14(4): 
          417-431.
Wada, S. 1991. Morphological evidence for the direct sister group 
          relationship between the Schizophora and the Syrphoidea 
          (Aschiza) in the phylogenetic systematics of the Cyclorrhapha 
          (Diptera: Brachycera). Journal Of Natural History 25(6): 
          1531-1570.
Wiegmann, B.M., C. Mitter, and F.C. Thompson.  1993.  Evolutionary 
          origin of the Cyclorrhapha (Diptera): tests of alternative 
          morphological hypotheses.  Cladistics, 9:41-81.

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