HOW THE MOVIES WERE MADE

CALCULATING FIELDS

All movies were made on a Macintosh. For each movie, the electric and magnetic fields were calculated numerically from first principles, at each location of interest. A computer program, written in the cT language, performed the calculations, and generated wireframe representations of the objects and field vectors. The wireframe representations were exported to a 3D rendering program, where surfaces were applied and the images were rendered. The challenging part was selecting the locations where the field would be displayed, so the images would be informative, but not incomprehensibly cluttered.

RENDERING AND ASSEMBLING MOVIES

In cases where the camera "flies through" a static field configuration, wireframe models were exported in DXF format to Specular Infini-D. In Infini-D, surfaces were created and applied, lighting was set, and a camera path was constructed. QuickTime movies were generated through the animation option. Usually Phong shading was used, with medium anti-aliasing. Fog was added to increase sense of depth. Adobe Premiere was often used to assemble several clips into a single movie.
In cases where fields are changing dynamically with time, each frame of the movie had to be computed and rendered separately. For these movies (moving proton, stretching dipole, radiation from an accelerated charge, and traveling electromagnetic wave), Persistence of Vision (POVRAY), a freeware Ray Tracing program, was used. The cT program generated a complete POV scene description (in the POV scene description language) for each frame, and exported it to a file. The POV files were batch rendered on a Power Mac; these movies required 15-40 hours of Power Mac time to render (not counting all the initial trials). The resultant PICTs were assembled into a QuickTime movie using MooVer (a free utility available with POV).

All of the movies were initially compressed using the Animation CODEC. Most of them were then recompressed using Cinepak (in Adobe Premiere) to reduce data rates to about 250 K/s or less, to make it possible to play them directly from a CD.