H. Christopher Frey
Professor
Department of Civil,
Construction, and Environmental
Past Externally-Sponsored Research
Projects
Title: Conceptual Design and Economic Evaluation of the Fluidized Bed Copper Oxide Process
Investigators: H. Christopher Frey, Principal Investigator (most of the work was performed while H.C. Frey was on the research faculty at Carnegie Mellon. Final report completed at NCSU).
Granting Agency:
Dates: 1992-1993
Brief Description: Developed a probabilistic performance,
emissions, and cost model of the fluidized bed copper
oxide process for controlling SO2 and NOx emissions from
coal-fired power plants.
Title: Study of Advanced Electric Power Generation and End-Use Technologies for Transfer to Developing Countries
Investigators: H. Christopher Frey, Principal Investigator and Project Director, Edward S. Rubin and Paul Fischbeck, Carnegie Mellon; Robert Lempert and Gwen Farnsworth, RAND Corporation; David Acheson, Atlantic Council of the United States (work performed while H.C. Frey was on research faculty at Carnegie Mellon. Final report completed while at NCSU).
Granting Agency:
Dates: 1992-1994
Brief Description: Developed a framework for prioritizing Federal research, development and demonstration priorities for electric energy production and end-use technologies.
Title: Development and Application of Optimal Design Capability for Coal Gasification Systems
Investigators: H. Christopher Frey, Principal Investigator
Granting Agency:
Dates: 1994-1995
Brief Description: Developed probabilistic process simulation models of the Externally Fired Combined Cycle (EFCC), Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR), and Direct Sulfur Recovery Process (DSRP).
Title: Probabilistic
Evaluation of Technological, Environmental, and Economic Factors in
Investigators: H. Christopher Frey, Principal Investigator; Co-investigators include S. Ranji Ranjithan and E. Downey Brill, Jr.
Granting Agency: Center for Transportation and the Environment
Dates: 1994-1997
Brief Description: Developed probabilistic estimates of vehicle emissions.
Title: A Plan for Development of Advanced Transportation Systems in the Research Triangle Region
Investigators: Nagui M. Rouphail, Principal Investigator. Co-investigators include: J.R. Stone, J.E. Hummer, J.W. Baugh, and H.C. Frey
Granting Agency: North Carolina Department of Transportation
Dates: 1994-1995
Brief Description: Supported an air quality component regarding evaluation of the effects of traffic management strategies for the Research Triangle area.
Title: Engineering-Economic Modeling of Process Technologies
Investigators: H. Christopher Frey, task director [this project was a special task incorporated into a project managed by S. Ranji Ranjithan and E. Downey Brill, Jr.]
Granting Agency: MCNC
Dates: 1994-1995
Brief Description: Developed new performance and cost models of combustion-based NOx controls for coal-fired power plants.
Title: Remote
Sensing of
Investigators: H. Christopher Frey, Principal Investigator
Granting Agency: North Carolina Department of Transportation
Dates: 1995-1996
Brief Description: Used remote sensing technology to obtain on-road emissions data for school and transit buses these vehicles.
Title: Quantitative Analysis of Variability and Uncertainty in Acid Rain Assessments
Investigators: H. Christopher Frey, Principal Investigator
Granting Agency:
Dates: 1995-1997
Brief Description: Demonstrated approaches for dealing with variability and uncertainty in environmental and technology assessment models; developed performance, emissions, and cost models of power plant NOx controls.
Title: ITS Integration of Real Time Emissions Data and Traffic Management Systems
Investigators: Nagui M. Rouphail, Principal Investigator; H. Christopher Frey, Co-Principal Investigator.
Granting Agency: Transportation Research Board (via National Institute for
Statistical Sciences), Center for Transportation and the Environment, and
Dates: 1997-1999
Brief Description: On-road emissions measured using remote sensing and traffic data measured using a video-based area-wide detector were used to develop conceptual traffic-based models of emissions.
Title: Air Quality Modeling Uncertainty Analysis
Investigators: H. Christopher Frey, Principal Investigator
Granting Agency: Hanna Consultants
Dates: 1997-1999
Brief Description: Conducted an expert elicitation for the purpose of quantifying uncertainties in inputs to the UAM-V air quality model.
Title: NSF CAREER Award: New Methods for Systems Analysis of Environmental Technologies
Investigators: H. Christopher Frey, Principal Investigator
Granting Agency: National Science Foundation
Dates: June 1997- May 2003
Brief Description: Developed process engineering models for performance, emissions, and cost of advanced coal-based power generation systems in combination with development and application for simulation and optimization methods that account for variability and uncertainty. The educational component included the development of modular instructional materials in air pollution control, air quality engineering, systems engineering, and related topics.
Title: Analysis of Variability and Uncertainty in Emission Estimation
Investigators: H. Christopher Frey, Principal Investigator
Granting Agency:
Dates: 1998-2001
Brief Description: A methodology for quantification of variability and uncertainty was developed and applied to estimation of emissions from selected sources.
Title: New Methods for Assessment of Pollution Prevention Technologies
Investigators: H. Christopher Frey and Morton A. Barlaz, Co-Principal Investigators
Granting Agency: National Science Foundation and
Dates: October 1998- September 2003
Brief Description: The objectives of this research are to: (1) develop novel assessment methodologies for evaluation of the risks and potential pay-offs of new technologies that avoid pollutant production; (2) demonstrate the methodology via a detailed case study of one promising new pollution prevention technology; and (3) utilize a tiered approach including process simulation and design optimization, probabilistic analysis, life cycle analysis, and assessment of selected regional environmental impacts to provide insights regarding the risks and pay-offs of the pollution prevention approach, both at a "micro" process-level and at a "macro" regional environmental level. This project will focus on pollution prevention in power generation, waste management, and selected aspects of related industries using waste gasification as an example.
Title: Probabilistic Modeling of Variability and Uncertainty in Urban Air Toxics Emissions
Investigators: H. Christopher Frey, Principal Investigator (sole investigator)
Granting Agency:
Dates: October 1998- March 2004
Brief Description: The objectives of this research are: (1) to develop and refine methods for quantification of variability and uncertainty in estimating emissions of urban air toxics; (2) to develop and refine methods for identifying key sources of variability and uncertainty in assessments of urban air toxic emissions and exposures; (3) to develop probabilistic process engineering models for making realistic estimates of emissions of, and the effects of control measures for, urban air toxics; (4) to demonstrate the methods via a detailed case study of urban air toxics emissions and exposures; and (5) to characterize the benefits of the methods with respect to environmental and research management.
Title: Development and Demonstration of a Methodology for Characterizing and Managing Uncertainties in Emission Inventories
Investigators: H. Christopher Frey, Principal Investigator (with four co-investigators)
Granting Agency:
Dates: January 1999-January 2003
Brief Description: Developed methods and case studies for probababilistic estimates of uncertainty in emissions for ozone precursors for a number of source categories, and propagated uncertainty in an emission inventory through an air quality model to demonstrate air quality management benefits of the approach.
Title: Emissions Reduction Through Better Traffic Management
Investigators: H. Christopher Frey and Nagui M. Rouphail, Co-Principal Investigators. Collaborators include Alan Karr of the National Institute of Statistical Sciencies, which is funding its own participation.
Granting Agency: NC Department of Transportation
Dates: April 1999- June 2001
Brief Description: Measured real-world on-road vehicle emissions using a portable instrument. Compared emissions on selected corridors before and after a change in signal timing and coordination to assess real world traffic flow and air pollution benefits of a traffic control measure. Developed protocols for data collection and modal estimates of emissions.
Title: Services for Risk Assessment Development
Investigators: H. Christopher Frey
Granting Agency: United States Department of Agriculture
Dates: October 1999 - September 2000
Brief Description: Provided peer review on selected USDA reports.
Title: Identification and Application of Methods for Sensitivity Analysis of Complex Food Safety Process Risk Models
Investigators: H. Christopher Frey
Granting Agency: United States Department of Agriculture
Dates: October 2000 – January 2004.
Brief Description: Sensitivity analyses of risk models can help identify the most significant exposure or risk factors, aid in developing priorities for risk mitigation, aid in identifying the importance of uncertainties in the model for the purpose of prioritizing additional data collection or research, play an important role in verification and validation of a model, and enable insight into the robustness of model results when making decisions. Sensitivity analysis can also aid in identify the most sensitive or important decision variables, which some may refer to as "control points". This project focuses on identification and application of methods for sensitivity analysis of complex food safety risk models.
Title: Development of a Module for Statistical Analysis of Variability and Uncertainty
Investigators: H. Christopher Frey
Granting Agency:
Dates: August 2001 – January 2002.
Brief
Description: Developed the
“AuvTool” stand-alone Windows-based software tool for
quantification of variability and uncertainty in environmental data.
Title: Recommend Strategy for On-Board Emissions Data Analysis and Collection for New Generation Model
Investigators: H. Christopher Frey
Granting Agency:
Dates: October 2001 – January 2002.
Brief
Description: Recommended a
conceptual modeling approach for a national vehicle emissions model based upon
availability of second-by-second on-board measurements of vehicle activity and
emissions.
Title: Recoding and Uncertainty Analysis of the SHEDS/Pesticides Model
Investigators: H. Christopher Frey
Granting Agency:
Dates: May 2002 – July 2003.
Brief
Description: Recoded the existing
Stochastic Human Exposure and Dose Simulation (SHEDS) Pesticides (SHEDS/P)
model from its existing SAS implementation into C++ and incorporated new
algorithms for quantification of variability and uncertainty in model inputs
and propagation of variability and uncertainty to model outputs.
Title: Methodology for Developing Modal Emission Rates for EPA's Multi-Scale Motor Vehicle & Equipment Emission System (MOVES)
Investigators: H. Christopher Frey
Granting Agency:
Dates: May 2002 – August 2002.
Brief
Description: The objective of this
project was to develop and demonstrate an analytical approach for estimating
vehicle exhaust modal emission rates and distributions for the Multi-Scale
Motor Vehicle & Equipment Emission System (MOVES).
Title: Uncertainty Analysis for the 1996 National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment
Investigators: H. Christopher Frey
Granting Agency: United States Environmental Protection Agency (via MCNC)
Dates: January 2003 – March 2004
Brief
Description: Quantified uncertainty
in the 1996 National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment (NATA) based upon benzene,
formaldehyde, and chromium and the Houston geographic area.
Title: Operational Evaluation of Emissions and Fuel Use of B20 vs. Diesel Vehicles
Investigators: H. Christopher Frey and Nagui M. Rouphail
Granting Agency: North Carolina Department of Transportation
Dates: October 2003 to December 2004.
Brief Description: This project involves design and implementation of a field data collection study on diesel vehicles to measure second-by-second emissions of NOx, Particulate Matter, CO, and CO2, fuel use, engine data, and vehicle activity (e.g., speed, location) data using an on-board portable instrument. Benchmark modal emission rates will enable comparison of B20 and conventional diesel fuel, estimation of emission factors, and identification of opportunities to reduce emissions and fuel use through improved vehicle operation. Strategic recommendations will be made regarding biodiesel fuel, air quality management, energy management, and improved operation.
Title: NARSTO Emission Inventory Assessment
Investigators: H. Christopher Frey
Granting Agency:
Dates: March 2004 to June 2004
Brief Description: The objective of this project is to undertake the first phase of development of a multi-national emission inventory assessment document, including participation of NARSTO and leading experts. The three major objectives of this work are to: (1) promote efficient and effective use of current inventories; (2) set the stage for improving future emission inventories; and (3) establish a roadmap for future inventories.
Title: Review and Recommendation of Methods for Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analysis for the SHEDS Models
Investigators: H. Christopher Frey
Granting Agency:
Dates: March 2004 to June 2005
Brief Description: The objectives of this project are to: (1) conduct a comprehensive review of available statistical methods for conducting sensitivity analysis and uncertainty analysis in probabilistic models; and (2) recommend a standardized methodology for conducting sensitivity and uncertainty analysis in probabilistic models. The proposed work includes review and recommendation of sensitivity and uncertainty analysis methods relevant to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Stochastic Human Exposure and Dose Simulation (SHEDS) models.
Title: NARSTO Emission Inventory Assessment
Investigators: H. Christopher Frey
Granting Agency: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Dates: June 2004 to June 2005
Brief Description: The objective of this project is to undertake the first phase of development of a multi-national emission inventory assessment document, including participation of NARSTO and leading experts. The three major objectives of this work are to: (1) promote efficient and effective use of current inventories; (2) set the stage for improving future emission inventories; and (3) establish a roadmap for future inventories.
Title: Measurement and Analysis of Diesel-Fueled Passenger Vehicle Emissions
Investigators: H. Christopher Frey
Granting Agency:
Dates: February 2005 to May 2005
Brief
Description: The objective of this study is to
measure and analyze emissions for European diesel-fueled passenger
vehicles.
Title: Measurement and Analysis of Diesel-Fueled Passenger Vehicle Emissions on Dirt versus Paved Roads and During Idling
Investigators: H. Christopher Frey
Granting Agency: Texas Transportation Institute via Clean Air Technologies International, Inc.
Dates:
Brief Description: The objectives of the study are to determine the possible increase in vehicular emissions as a result of traveling on a dirt road versus a paved road and to compare emissions during extended idling with emissions for comparable time periods when the vehicle is turned off and later restarted.
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