LEARNING FOREIGN LANGUAGES

War es ein Gott,
der diese Zeichen schrieb?
-Ludwig Boltzmann, after Goethe
Il est de
nécessité que tout homme apprenne
à
lire et à écrire avant d'apprendre à penser. Tout
langage est d'abord
ramage et
gazouillement, comme des oiseaux.
-Alain, Propos de littérature
Le langage
humain est comme un chaudron fêlé sur lequel on bat la
mesure pour faire danser les ours, alors que nous voudrions
émouvoir
les étoiles.
-Gustave Flaubert, Madame
Bovary
Il n'y a qu'une méthode pour
inventer, qui est
d'imiter.
Il n'y a qu'une méthode pour bien penser, qui est de continuer
quelque pensée ancienne et
éprouvée.
-Alain, Propos sur l'éducation
On n'apprend point la musique au
concert.
-Alain, Propos sur l'éducation
Le langage reproduit le monde, mais en le soumettant à son organisation propre.
-Émile Benveniste
Si la
pensée corrompt le langage, le langage peut aussi corrompre la
pensée.
-George Orwell
LE ROI :
Pourquoi mets-tu des
étiquettes
sur tout, pour justifier tes sentiments ?
BECKET : Parce que, sans étiquettes,
le monde n'aurait plus de forme.
-Jean Anouilh, Becket
El conocimiento del conocimiento,
obliga. Nos obliga a tomar una actitud de permanente vigilia contra la
tentación
de la certeza, a reconocer que nuestras certidumbres no son pruebas de
verdad, como si el mundo que cada uno ve fuese
"el mundo" y no "un mundo" que traemos a la mano con otros. Nos obliga
porque al saber que sabemos, no podemos
negar lo que sabemos.
-Humberto
Maturana, El árbol del conocimiento
L'inconvénient de la
vérité, c'est qu'elle
ne
fait jamais le détail. Un morceau de vérité est un
mensonge. Or, pour en
revenir au langage, les mots ne sont jamais que des morceaux de
vérité. Chacun est l'éclat trompeur d'un miroir
brisé
que jamais personne ne recollera.
-Robert Escarpit (Lettre ouverte au diable,
p.154 Éd. Albin Michel,1972)
If language is as old as consciousness itself, and if language is
practical consciousness-for-others and, consequently,
consciousness-for-myself, then not only one particular
thought but all consciousness
is connected with the development
of the word. The word is
a thing in our
consciousness, as Ludwig Feuerbach put it, that is absolutely
impossible for one person, but that becomes a reality for two. The word is a direct
expression of the historical nature of human consciousness.
-Lev Vygotsky
"As a metaphor - and I stress that it is intended as a metaphor - the concept of an invariant that arises out of mutually or cyclically balancing changes may help us to approach the concept of self. In cybernetics this metaphor is implemented in the ‘closed loop’, the circular arrangement of feedback mechanisms that maintain a given value within certain limits. They work toward an invariant, but the invariant is achieved not by a steady resistance, the way a rock stands unmoved in the wind, but by compensation over time. Whenever we happen to look in a feedback loop, we find the present act pitted against the immediate past, but already on the way to being compensated itself by the immediate future. The invariant the system achieves can, therefore, never be found or frozen in a single element because, by its very nature, it consists in one or more relationships - and relationships are not in things but between them.
If the self, as I suggest, is a relational entity, it cannot have a locus in the world of experiential objects. It does not reside in the heart, as Aristotle thought, nor in the brain, as we tend to think today. It resides in no place at all, but merely manifests itself in the continuity of our acts of differentiating and relating and in the intuitive certainty we have that our experience is truly ours."
-Ernst von Glasersfeld, 'Cybernetics, Experience, and the Concept of the Self', 1970.
A short discussion of the theory METHOD
Tips and secrets to learning a foreign language SECRETS
Legos:
a structural concept.
Logos:
the definition from Liddel Scott's Greek Lexicon.
The Chunks method: Legos
to Logos.
Semantics and Metaphor (next in line...)
The Trinity of foreign language learning
On IPA, writing, and pronunciation.
On translation and language-learning. Intertranslation and how
the brain learns new languages.
Spectators
and Gladiators, an article by John Boehrer on learning and teaching.
14
Characteristics of good language learners, from Rubin &
Thompson
(1982).